Homo-Delarche F, Fitzpatrick F, Christeff N, Nunez E A, Bach J F, Dardenne M
U.25, INSERM-CNRS UA 122, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1991;40(4-6):619-37. doi: 10.1016/0960-0760(91)90285-d.
Interest in the field of neuroimmunoendocrinology is in full expansion. With regard to this, steroid influence on the immune system, in particular sex steroids and glucocorticoids, has been known for a long time. Sex steroids are part of the mechanism underlying the immune sexual dimorphism, as particularly emphasized in autoimmune diseases. Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids are now considered a physiological negative feedback loop to cytokines produced during an immune and/or inflammatory response. Psychosocial factors may play a role in the development of immunologically-mediated diseases, e.g. autoimmune diseases. The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, that develops an immunologically-mediated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an interesting model to study the role of endogenous steroids. Insulitis is present in both sexes, but diabetes has a strong preponderance in females. Hormonal alteration, such as castration, modulates the incidence of diabetes, whereas environmental factors, such as stress, accelerate the disease. In the present paper, we have reviewed the role of gender, sex steroid hormones, stress and glucocorticoids in autoimmunity as well as analyzed their different levels of actions and interrelationships, focusing particular attention on the immunologically-mediated IDDM of the NOD mouse.
神经免疫内分泌学领域的研究兴趣正在全面扩展。关于这一点，类固醇对免疫系统的影响，特别是性类固醇和糖皮质激素，早已为人所知。性类固醇是免疫性二态性潜在机制的一部分，在自身免疫性疾病中尤为突出。糖皮质激素的免疫抑制和抗炎作用现在被认为是对免疫和/或炎症反应过程中产生的细胞因子的一种生理性负反馈回路。心理社会因素可能在免疫介导疾病的发生发展中起作用，例如自身免疫性疾病。非肥胖糖尿病（NOD）小鼠会发展为免疫介导的胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（IDDM），是研究内源性类固醇作用的一个有趣模型。两性均存在胰岛炎，但糖尿病在雌性中更为常见。激素改变，如去势，会调节糖尿病的发病率，而环境因素，如应激，则会加速疾病发展。在本文中，我们综述了性别、性类固醇激素、应激和糖皮质激素在自身免疫中的作用，并分析了它们不同层面的作用及相互关系，特别关注了NOD小鼠免疫介导的IDDM。
