Department of Psychology, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, United States; Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center (DEARC), Binghamton, NY, United States.
Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center (DEARC), Binghamton, NY, United States; Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2022;161:167-208. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.08.006. Epub 2021 Oct 4.
Adolescence is an evolutionarily conserved developmental period associated with behavioral change, including increased risk-taking and alcohol use. Experimentation with alcohol typically begins in adolescence and transitions to binge-like patterns of consumption. Alcohol exposure during adolescence can alter normative changes in brain structure and function. Understanding mechanisms by which ethanol impacts neurodevelopmental processes is important for preventing and ameliorating the deleterious consequences of adolescent alcohol abuse. This review focuses on the neuroimmune system as a key contributor to ethanol-induced changes in adolescent brain and behavior. After brief review of neuroimmune system development, acute and chronic effects of ethanol on adolescent neuroimmune functioning are addressed. Comparisons between stress/immunological challenges and ethanol on adolescent neuroimmunity are reviewed, as cross-sensitization is relevant during adolescence. The mechanisms by which ethanol alters neuroimmune functioning are then discussed, as they may portend development of neuropathological consequences and thus increase vulnerability to subsequent challenges and potentiate addictive behaviors.
青春期是一个与行为改变相关的进化保守的发育阶段，包括冒险行为和饮酒的增加。酒精的尝试通常始于青春期，并过渡到狂欢样的消费模式。青春期暴露于酒精会改变大脑结构和功能的正常变化。了解乙醇影响神经发育过程的机制对于预防和改善青少年酒精滥用的有害后果很重要。本综述重点介绍神经免疫系统作为导致乙醇引起的青少年大脑和行为变化的关键因素。简要回顾神经免疫系统的发育后，讨论了乙醇对青少年神经免疫功能的急性和慢性影响。还回顾了应激/免疫挑战与乙醇对青少年神经免疫的比较，因为青春期的交叉敏化是相关的。然后讨论了乙醇改变神经免疫功能的机制，因为它们可能预示着神经病理学后果的发展，从而增加对随后挑战的易感性并增强成瘾行为。
