Holtgraves Thomas
Department of Psychological Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2009 Jun;23(2):295-302. doi: 10.1037/a0014181.
This research examined similarities and differences between gambling activities, with a particular focus on differences in gambling frequency and rates of problem gambling. The data were from population-based surveys conducted in Canada between 2001 and 2005. Adult respondents completed various versions of the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI), including the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). A factor analysis of the frequency with which different gambling activities were played documented the existence of two clear underlying factors. One factor was comprised of Internet gambling and betting on sports and horse races, and the other factor was comprised of lotteries, raffles, slots/Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs), and bingo. Factor one respondents were largely men; factor two respondents were more likely to be women and scored significantly lower on a measure of problem gambling. Additional analyses indicated that (1) frequency of play was significantly and positively related to problem gambling scores for all activities except raffles, (2) the relationship between problem gambling scores and frequency of play was particularly pronounced for slots/VLTs, (3) problem gambling scores were associated with playing a larger number of games, and (4) Internet and sports gambling had the highest conversion rates (proportion who have tried an activity who frequently play that activity).
本研究考察了赌博活动之间的异同，尤其关注赌博频率和问题赌博发生率的差异。数据来自2001年至2005年在加拿大进行的基于人群的调查。成年受访者完成了加拿大问题赌博指数（CPGI）的不同版本，包括问题赌博严重程度指数（PGSI）。对不同赌博活动的参与频率进行的因素分析表明存在两个明显的潜在因素。一个因素包括网络赌博以及对体育赛事和赛马的投注，另一个因素包括彩票、抽奖、老虎机/视频彩票终端（VLT）和宾果游戏。因素一的受访者主要为男性；因素二的受访者更可能为女性，且在问题赌博测量中得分显著较低。进一步分析表明：（1）除抽奖外，所有活动的参与频率与问题赌博得分均呈显著正相关；（2）问题赌博得分与老虎机/VLT的参与频率之间的关系尤为显著；（3）问题赌博得分与参与更多种类的游戏相关；（4）网络赌博和体育赌博的转化率最高（尝试某活动的人群中经常参与该活动的比例）。
