Tucker Jennifer S, Sinclair Robert R, Mohr Cynthia D, Thomas Jeffrey L, Salvi Angela D, Adler Amy B
Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
J Occup Health Psychol. 2009 Jul;14(3):257-71. doi: 10.1037/a0014951.
Cognitive Resource Theory (CRT) suggests that under high levels of stress, employees are more prone to committing indiscipline. As few studies have examined this relationship over time, the authors conducted a six-wave longitudinal study examining the relationship of soldiers' indiscipline with work demands and control. The study included archival data collected quarterly over 2 years from 1,701 soldiers representing 10 units in garrison (Germany and Italy), in training rotations (Grafenwoehr, Germany), and on peacekeeping deployments (Kosovo, Kuwait). No main effects were found for work overload, and the findings for the moderating effects of control were contradictory. Within each time point, as work overload increased, soldiers who felt less control committed more indiscipline, supporting CRT. Over time, however, as work overload increased, soldiers who perceived less control 6 months earlier committed less indiscipline. Additionally, the authors found reverse causal effects for control such that prior perceptions of a lack of control were associated with indiscipline and prior incidents of indiscipline with less control.
认知资源理论（CRT）表明，在高度压力下，员工更易出现违纪行为。由于很少有研究长期考察这种关系，作者进行了一项六波纵向研究，考察士兵违纪行为与工作要求及控制之间的关系。该研究包括从1701名士兵那里收集的两年季度档案数据，这些士兵来自驻德意两国的10个部队、德国格拉芬沃尔的训练轮值单位以及科索沃和科威特的维和部署单位。未发现工作负荷过重的主效应，且控制的调节效应的研究结果相互矛盾。在每个时间点内，随着工作负荷过重程度增加，感觉控制较少的士兵违纪行为更多，这支持了认知资源理论。然而，随着时间推移，随着工作负荷过重程度增加，6个月前感觉控制较少的士兵违纪行为减少。此外，作者发现控制存在反向因果效应，即先前对缺乏控制的认知与违纪行为相关，先前的违纪事件与较少的控制相关。
