JinQuan Li, WenGuang Zhang
College of Animal Science and Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
Recent Pat DNA Gene Seq. 2009;3(3):213-8. doi: 10.2174/187221509789318379.
Goats/sheep are important in the animal agriculture of China. Distribution of these animals in China is closely related to the economic performance and ecological conditions in the specific regions. Comparative genome study is popular in China although the sheep and goat genome information are not well sequenced. Expression Sequence Tags (EST) are well developed in skin and ovary organ. Transgenic productions are focused on goat milk chiefly. Microsatellite DNA and mtDNA polymorphism were used to analyze the genetic structure mainly and some of them were used to detect the Quantitative Trait Loci(QTL) of goat and sheep. Only the candidate gene markers are used as Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) and integrated into Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) selection strategy in goat and sheep nucleus breeding flock according to different breeds. Although some studies have proposed direct selection on the individual gene loci responsible for the genetic variation in some traits, there are 20 goat/sheep gene patents in the past decade. Some patents on gene with extremely broad claims will shadow over the commercialization of these gene and fill the blank of the gene patents in goat/sheep fields.
山羊/绵羊在中国畜牧业中至关重要。这些动物在中国的分布与特定地区的经济表现和生态条件密切相关。尽管绵羊和山羊的基因组信息测序尚不充分，但比较基因组研究在中国很受欢迎。表达序列标签（EST）在皮肤和卵巢器官中发展良好。转基因产品主要集中在山羊奶方面。微卫星DNA和线粒体DNA多态性主要用于分析遗传结构，其中一些用于检测山羊和绵羊的数量性状位点（QTL）。根据不同品种，仅候选基因标记被用作标记辅助选择（MAS）并整合到山羊和绵羊核心育种群体的最佳线性无偏预测（BLUP）选择策略中。尽管一些研究提出直接选择负责某些性状遗传变异的单个基因座，但在过去十年中有20项山羊/绵羊基因专利。一些对基因的权利要求极为宽泛的专利将给这些基因的商业化带来阴影，并填补山羊/绵羊领域基因专利的空白。
