Dimaggio Giancarlo, Vanheule Stijn, Lysaker Paul H, Carcione Antonino, Nicolò Giuseppe
Terzo Centro di Psicoterapia Cognitiva - Training School in Psychotherapy Associazione di Psicologia Cognitiva, Via Ravenna 9/C, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Conscious Cogn. 2009 Sep;18(3):653-64. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2009.06.003. Epub 2009 Jul 16.
Self-reflection plays a key role in healthy human adaptation. Self-reflection might involve different capacities which may be impaired to different degrees relatively independently of one another. Variation in abilities for different forms of self-reflection are commonly seen as key aspects of many adult mental disorders. Yet little has been written about whether there are different kinds of deficits in self-reflection found in mental illness, how those deficits should be distinguished from one another and how to characterize the extent to which they are interrelated. We review clinical and experimental literature and suggest four different forms of deficits in self-reflection: (a) sense of ownership of one's own thoughts and actions, (b) emotional awareness, (c) distinction between fantasy and reality and (d) the integration of a range of different views of oneself and others. We propose how these different impairments in self-reflection are linked with one another.
自我反思在人类的健康适应中起着关键作用。自我反思可能涉及不同的能力，这些能力可能相对独立地受到不同程度的损害。不同形式的自我反思能力的差异通常被视为许多成人精神障碍的关键方面。然而，关于精神疾病中自我反思是否存在不同类型的缺陷、这些缺陷应如何相互区分以及如何描述它们之间的关联程度，却鲜有著述。我们回顾了临床和实验文献，并提出了自我反思的四种不同形式的缺陷：(a) 对自己思想和行为的主人翁意识，(b) 情绪意识，(c) 幻想与现实的区分，以及 (d) 对自己和他人一系列不同观点的整合。我们提出了这些自我反思中的不同损伤是如何相互关联的。
