Gould E A, Coutard B, Malet H, Morin B, Jamal S, Weaver S, Gorbalenya A, Moureau G, Baronti C, Delogu I, Forrester N, Khasnatinov M, Gritsun T, de Lamballerie X, Canard B
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement UMR190/Unité des Virus Emergents, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Antiviral Res. 2010 Aug;87(2):111-24. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.07.007. Epub 2009 Jul 16.
The alphaviruses were amongst the first arboviruses to be isolated, characterized and assigned a taxonomic status. They are globally very widespread, infecting a large variety of terrestrial animals, insects and even fish, and circulate both in the sylvatic and urban/peri-urban environment, causing considerable human morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, despite their obvious importance as pathogens, there are currently no effective antiviral drugs with which to treat humans or animals infected by any of these viruses. The EU-supported project-VIZIER (Comparative Structural Genomics of Viral Enzymes Involved in Replication, FP6 PROJECT: 2004-511960) was instigated with an ultimate view of contributing to the development of antiviral therapies for RNA viruses, including the alphaviruses [Coutard, B., Gorbalenya, A.E., Snijder, E.J., Leontovich, A.M., Poupon, A., De Lamballerie, X., Charrel, R., Gould, E.A., Gunther, S., Norder, H., Klempa, B., Bourhy, H., Rohayemj, J., L'hermite, E., Nordlund, P., Stuart, D.I., Owens, R.J., Grimes, J.M., Tuckerm, P.A., Bolognesi, M., Mattevi, A., Coll, M., Jones, T.A., Aqvist, J., Unger, T., Hilgenfeld, R., Bricogne, G., Neyts, J., La Colla, P., Puerstinger, G., Gonzalez, J.P., Leroy, E., Cambillau, C., Romette, J.L., Canard, B., 2008. The VIZIER project: preparedness against pathogenic RNA viruses. Antiviral Res. 78, 37-46]. This review highlights some of the major features of alphaviruses that have been investigated during recent years. After describing their classification, epidemiology and evolutionary history and the expanding geographic distribution of Chikungunya virus, we review progress in understanding the structure and function of alphavirus replicative enzymes achieved under the VIZIER programme and the development of new disease control strategies.
甲病毒是最早被分离、鉴定并被赋予分类地位的虫媒病毒之一。它们在全球分布极为广泛，感染多种陆生动物、昆虫甚至鱼类，在森林和城市/城郊环境中传播，导致大量人类发病和死亡。然而，尽管它们作为病原体具有明显的重要性，但目前尚无有效的抗病毒药物可用于治疗感染这些病毒的人类或动物。欧盟支持的项目——VIZIER（参与复制的病毒酶的比较结构基因组学，第六框架计划项目：2004 - 511960）启动的最终目的是为包括甲病毒在内的RNA病毒的抗病毒疗法的开发做出贡献[库塔尔，B.，戈尔巴列尼亚，A.E.，斯尼德，E.J.，列昂托维奇，A.M.，普蓬，A.，德朗巴列里耶，X.，沙雷尔，R.，古尔德，E.A.，冈瑟，S.，诺德，H.，克莱姆帕，B.，布尔希，H.，罗海姆，J.，埃尔米特，E.，诺德伦德，P.，斯图尔特，D.I.，欧文斯，R.J.，格里姆斯，J.M.，塔克，P.A.，博洛涅西，M.，马特维，A.，科尔，M.，琼斯，T.A.，阿奎斯特，J.，翁格，T.，希尔根菲尔德，R.，布里科涅，G.，内茨，J.，拉科拉，P.，普尔斯廷格，G.，冈萨雷斯，J.P.，勒罗伊，E.，坎比洛，C.，罗梅特，J.L.，卡纳德，B.，2008年。VIZIER项目：针对致病性RNA病毒的防范措施。抗病毒研究。78，37 - 46]。本综述重点介绍了近年来对甲病毒研究的一些主要特征。在描述了它们的分类、流行病学、进化史以及基孔肯雅病毒不断扩大的地理分布之后，我们回顾了在VIZIER计划下在理解甲病毒复制酶的结构和功能方面取得的进展以及新疾病控制策略的发展。
