Duffau Hugues
Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France.
Neurosci Res. 2009 Oct;65(2):131-5. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2009.07.002. Epub 2009 Jul 16.
Post-lesional plasticity was extensively studied in human brain, especially using functional neuroimaging. However, because this technique maps only the grey matter, most of reports analyzed cortical reshaping, while subcortical structures received less attention. Yet, the global process of cerebral redistribution cannot be understood without taking account white matter tract in addition to the cortex. Here, the aim is to study whether subcortical structures are able to actively reorganize by themselves (rewiring), or whether it is only a passive consequence of the cortical remapping. The mechanisms of compensation following white matter damage are considered: unmasking of perilesional latent networks, recruitment of accessory pathways, introduction of additional relays within the circuit, involvement of parallel long-distance association pathways. Although different patterns of subcortical plasticity were identified, the real capacity to build a new structural connectivity leading to functional recovery is not yet demonstrated in humans. The next step is to perform longitudinal and integrated anatomo-functional correlations both at cortical and subcortical levels, in a "hodological" view of brain processing, to show whether the capacity of anatomic rewiring actually exists in human brain.
损伤后可塑性在人类大脑中得到了广泛研究，尤其是使用功能神经影像学进行研究。然而，由于这项技术仅能绘制灰质图谱，大多数报告分析的是皮质重塑，而皮质下结构受到的关注较少。然而，如果不考虑除皮质之外的白质束，就无法理解大脑重新分布的整体过程。在此，目的是研究皮质下结构是否能够自行主动重组（重新布线），或者这是否仅仅是皮质重新映射的被动结果。我们考虑了白质损伤后的补偿机制：损伤周围潜在网络的去抑制、辅助通路的募集、回路中额外中继的引入、平行长距离联合通路的参与。尽管已经确定了不同模式的皮质下可塑性，但在人类中尚未证实建立新的结构连接以实现功能恢复的实际能力。下一步是在大脑处理的“传导通路学”视角下，在皮质和皮质下水平进行纵向和综合的解剖-功能相关性研究，以表明解剖重新布线的能力在人类大脑中是否确实存在。
