Center for Neuropsychological Services, University of New Mexico, MSC 10 5530 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5001, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, MSC 10 5530 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5001, USA.
Tomography. 2023 Jun 25;9(4):1254-1275. doi: 10.3390/tomography9040100.
Functional MRI is a well-established tool used for pre-surgical planning to help the neurosurgeon have a roadmap of critical functional areas that should be avoided, if possible, during surgery to minimize morbidity for patients with brain tumors (though this also has applications for surgical resection of epileptogenic tissue and vascular lesions). This article reviews the locations of secondary language centers within the brain along with imaging findings to help improve our confidence in our knowledge on language lateralization. Brief overviews of these language centers and their contributions to the language networks will be discussed. These language centers include primary language centers of "Broca's Area" and "Wernicke's Area". However, there are multiple secondary language centers such as the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), frontal eye fields, pre- supplemental motor area (pre-SMA), Basal Temporal Language Area (BTLA), along with other areas of activation. Knowing these foci helps to increase self-assurance when discussing the nature of laterality with the neurosurgeon. By knowing secondary language centers for language lateralization, via fMRI, one can feel confident on providing neurosurgeon colleagues with appropriate information on the laterality of language in preparation for surgery.
功能磁共振成像(fMRI)是一种成熟的工具,用于术前规划,帮助神经外科医生获得一张关键功能区域的地图,如果可能的话,在手术中应避开这些区域,以最大程度地降低脑肿瘤患者的发病率(尽管这也适用于癫痫灶和血管病变的手术切除)。本文回顾了大脑中次要语言中枢的位置以及影像学发现,以帮助提高我们对语言侧化知识的信心。简要介绍了这些语言中枢及其对语言网络的贡献。这些语言中枢包括“布罗卡区”和“韦尼克区”等主要语言中枢。然而,还有多个次要语言中枢,如背外侧前额叶皮质(DLPFC)、额眼区、补充运动前区(pre-SMA)、基底颞叶语言区(BTLA)以及其他激活区。了解这些焦点有助于在与神经外科医生讨论侧化性质时增加自信。通过 fMRI 了解语言侧化的次要语言中枢,我们可以自信地为神经外科医生提供有关语言侧化的适当信息,为手术做准备。
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