Department of Psychology and Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
Brain Cogn. 2010 Feb;72(1):73-85. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2009.06.003. Epub 2009 Jul 17.
Developmental differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsiveness to stressors and ongoing development of glucocorticoid-sensitive brain regions in adolescence suggest that similar to the neonatal period of ontogeny, adolescence may also be a sensitive period for programming effects of stressors on the central nervous system. Although research on this period of life is scarce compared to early life and adulthood, the available research indicates that effects of stress exposure during adolescence differ from, and may be longer-lasting than, effects of the same stress exposure in adulthood. Research progress in animal models in this field is reviewed including HPA function and the enduring effects of stress exposures in adolescence on sensitivity to drugs of abuse, learning and memory, and emotional behaviour in adulthood. The effects of adolescent stress depend on a number of factors, including the age, gender, the duration of stress exposure, the type of stressor, and the time between stress exposure and testing.
青春期下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴对应激源的反应性和糖皮质激素敏感脑区的持续发育存在差异，这表明与个体发育的新生儿期相似，青春期也可能是应激源对中枢神经系统产生编程效应的敏感时期。尽管与早期生命和成年期相比，针对这一生命阶段的研究较少，但现有研究表明，青春期应激暴露的影响与成年期相同应激暴露的影响不同，且可能持续时间更长。本文回顾了该领域动物模型的研究进展，包括 HPA 功能以及青春期应激暴露对成年期滥用药物、学习和记忆以及情绪行为的敏感性的持久影响。青春期应激的影响取决于许多因素，包括年龄、性别、应激暴露的持续时间、应激源的类型以及应激暴露与测试之间的时间间隔。
