空中医疗后送在大规模伤亡事件中的作用——一起火车碰撞事故的经验。

Role of air-medical evacuation in mass-casualty incidents--a train collision experience.

机构信息

Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.

出版信息

Prehosp Disaster Med. 2009 May-Jun;24(3):271-6. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x00006920.

DOI:10.1017/s1049023x00006920

PMID:19618366

Abstract

BACKGROUND

On 21 June 2005, a passenger train collided with a truck near Revadim, Israel. The collision resulted in a multiple-scene mass-casualty incident in an area characterized by difficult access and a relatively long distance from trauma centers. A major disaster response was initiated by civilian and military medical forces including the Israeli Air Force (IAF) Search and Rescue teams. The air-medical evacuation from the accident site to the trauma centers, the activities of the airborne medical teams, and the lessons learned from this event are described in this report.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of data gathered from relevant elements that participated in management, treatment, and evacuation from the accident site was conducted.

RESULTS

The accident resulted in 289 injured passengers and seven of the injured were killed. Six helicopters (performing nine sorties) participated. Helicopters evacuated trauma victims and aided in transporting air-medical teams to the site of the collision. Overall, 35 trauma victims (10 urgent) were evacuated by air to trauma centers. The length of time between the first helicopter landing and completion of the air evacuation was 83 minutes. The air-medical evacuation operation was controlled by the commander of the IAF Search and Rescue. Different crew compositions were set in real time.

CONCLUSIONS

Air-medical evacuation during this unique event enabled prompt transportation of casualties from the scene to trauma centers and provided reasonable distribution of patients between various centers in the region. This operation highlighted the necessity for flexibility in medical decision-making and the need for nonconventional solutions regarding crew compositions during management of an airborne evacuation in similar settings. Air-medical evacuation should be considered as a part of responses to mass-casualty incidents, especially when the site is remote or characterized by accessibility difficulties.

摘要

背景

2005 年 6 月 21 日，一辆客运列车在以色列雷瓦迪姆附近与一辆卡车相撞。碰撞导致了一个多场景的大规模伤亡事件，发生在一个交通不便、距离创伤中心较远的地区。民用和军事医疗力量，包括以色列空军（IAF）搜救队，启动了重大灾难应对措施。本文描述了从事故现场到创伤中心的空中医疗后送、空中医疗团队的活动以及从该事件中吸取的教训。

方法

对参与事故管理、治疗和从事故现场撤离的相关人员收集的数据进行回顾性分析。

结果

事故造成 289 名受伤乘客，其中 7 人死亡。六架直升机（执行了九次任务）参与了救援。直升机撤离了创伤患者，并协助运送空中医疗团队到事故现场。总共 35 名创伤患者（10 名紧急）通过空运被送往创伤中心。第一架直升机着陆到空中撤离完成的时间为 83 分钟。空中医疗后送行动由 IAF 搜救队指挥官控制。不同的机组人员配置是实时设置的。