Psychology Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2010 Jan;31(1):150-9. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20852.
We often form impressions of others based on superficial information, such as a mere glimpse of their face. Given the opportunity to get to know someone, however, our judgments are allowed to become more individuated. The neural origins of these two types of social judgment remain unknown. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to dissociate the neural mechanisms underlying superficial and individuated judgments. Given behavioral evidence demonstrating impairments in individuating others outside one's racial group, we additionally examined whether these neural mechanisms are race-selective. Superficial judgments recruited the amygdala. Individuated judgments engaged a cortical network implicated in mentalizing and theory of mind. One component of this mentalizing network showed selectivity to individuated judgments, but exclusively for targets of one's own race. The findings reveal the distinct-and race-selective-neural bases of our everyday superficial and individuated judgments of others.
我们常常根据表面信息（例如对他人面部的匆匆一瞥）来形成对他人的印象。然而，一旦有机会去了解一个人，我们的判断就会变得更加个性化。这两种社会判断的神经起源尚不清楚。我们使用功能磁共振成像来区分表面判断和个性化判断的神经机制。鉴于行为证据表明，人们在判断非自己种族的人时存在障碍，我们还额外研究了这些神经机制是否具有种族选择性。表面判断涉及杏仁核。个性化判断则涉及到一个与心理理论和心智化有关的皮质网络。这个心智化网络的一个组成部分对个性化判断具有选择性，但仅限于自己种族的目标。研究结果揭示了我们日常对他人的表面和个性化判断的独特且具有种族选择性的神经基础。
