Troppmann Kathrin M, Palis Bryan E, Goodnight James E, Ho Hung S, Troppmann Christoph
Department of Surgery, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
Arch Surg. 2009 Jul;144(7):635-42. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.2009.120.
Women are increasingly entering the surgical profession.
To assess professional and personal/family life situations, perceptions, and challenges for women vs men surgeons.
National survey of American Board of Surgery-certified surgeons.
A questionnaire was mailed to all women and men surgeons who were board certified in 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, or 2004. Of 3507 surgeons, 895 (25.5%) responded. Among these, 178 (20.3%) were women and 698 (79.7%) were men.
Most women and men surgeons would choose their profession again (women, 82.5%; men, 77.5%; P = .15). On multivariate analysis, men surgeons (odds ratio [OR], 2.5) and surgeons of a younger generation (certified in 2000 or 2004; OR, 1.3) were less likely to favor part-time work opportunities for surgeons. Most of the surgeons were married (75.6% of women vs 91.7% of men, P < .001). On multivariate analysis, women surgeons (OR, 5.0) and surgeons of a younger generation (OR, 1.9) were less likely to have children. More women than men surgeons had their first child later in life, while already in surgical practice (62.4% vs 32.0%, P < .001). The spouse was the offspring's primary caretaker for 26.9% of women surgeons vs 79.4% of men surgeons (P < .001). More women surgeons than men surgeons thought that maternity leave was important (67.8% vs 30.8%, P < .001) and that child care should be available at work (86.5% vs 69.7%, P < .001).
Women considering a surgical career should be aware that most women surgeons would choose their profession again. Strategies to maximize recruitment and retention of women surgeons should include serious consideration of alternative work schedules and optimization of maternity leave and child care opportunities.
女性越来越多地进入外科领域。
评估女性与男性外科医生的职业及个人/家庭生活状况、认知和挑战。
对美国外科委员会认证的外科医生进行全国性调查。
向1988年、1992年、1996年、2000年或2004年获得委员会认证的所有女性和男性外科医生邮寄问卷。3507名外科医生中，895名（25.5%）回复。其中，178名（20.3%）为女性，698名（79.7%）为男性。
大多数女性和男性外科医生会再次选择他们的职业（女性为82.5%，男性为77.5%；P = 0.15）。多因素分析显示，男性外科医生（优势比[OR]，2.5）和年轻一代外科医生（2000年或2004年获得认证；OR，1.3）不太支持为外科医生提供兼职工作机会。大多数外科医生已婚（女性为75.6%，男性为91.7%，P < 0.001）。多因素分析显示，女性外科医生（OR，5.0）和年轻一代外科医生（OR，1.9）生育子女的可能性较小。在已经从事外科工作后，生育第一个孩子的女性外科医生比男性外科医生更多（62.4%对32.0%，P < 0.001）。26.9%的女性外科医生的配偶是子女的主要照顾者，而男性外科医生这一比例为79.4%（P < 0.001）。认为产假重要的女性外科医生比男性外科医生更多（67.8%对30.8%，P < 0.001），并且认为工作场所应提供儿童保育服务的女性外科医生也比男性外科医生更多（86.5%对69.7%，P < 0.001）。
考虑从事外科职业的女性应意识到大多数女性外科医生会再次选择她们的职业。增加女性外科医生招聘和留用的策略应包括认真考虑灵活的工作时间表以及优化产假和儿童保育机会。
