[A case of colon cancer with reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome following 5-FU and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX regime)].

We report a rare case of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) induced by 5-FU and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX regime). A 35-year-old woman with ileus was diagnosed with sigmoid cancer Stage IV (T4N4M0P2H0), and excision of the sigmoid colon, and left ureteroureteral anastomosis was performed. Postoperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 was performed. Complications of hypertension were seen on day 6, and convulsions on day 11 after chemotherapy. Headache and visual disturbance were also complications. MRI of the brain revealed bilateral high signal intensities of posterior lobes on T2 weighted and FLAIR images without enhancement. The patient was treated with antihypertensive therapy and anticonvulsive therapy. Her symptoms entirely disappeared, including the bilateral posterior lesions on MRI after two weeks. This report would suggest that medical oncologists should be aware that multidrug chemotherapies may increase the risk of fatal neurological complications like RPLS.