Turner Nicholas J
School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Manchester, UK.
Nat Chem Biol. 2009 Aug;5(8):567-73. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.203.
Enzymes are increasingly being used as biocatalysts in the generation of products that have until now been derived using traditional chemical processes. Such products range from pharmaceutical and agrochemical building blocks to fine and bulk chemicals and, more recently, components of biofuels. For a biocatalyst to be effective in an industrial process, it must be subjected to improvement and optimization, and in this respect the directed evolution of enzymes has emerged as a powerful enabling technology. Directed evolution involves repeated rounds of (i) random gene library generation, (ii) expression of genes in a suitable host and (iii) screening of libraries of variant enzymes for the property of interest. Both in vitro screening-based methods and in vivo selection-based methods have been applied to the evolution of enzyme function and properties. Significant developments have occurred recently, particularly with respect to library design, screening methodology, applications in synthetic transformations and strategies for the generation of new enzyme function.
酶越来越多地被用作生物催化剂来生产迄今一直通过传统化学方法获得的产品。这类产品涵盖从制药和农用化学品的基础原料到精细化学品和大宗化学品，以及最近的生物燃料成分。要使生物催化剂在工业过程中发挥有效作用，必须对其进行改进和优化，在这方面，酶的定向进化已成为一项强大的使能技术。定向进化包括重复进行以下几轮操作：（i）随机基因文库构建，（ii）在合适的宿主中表达基因，以及（iii）筛选变异酶文库以寻找感兴趣的特性。基于体外筛选的方法和基于体内选择的方法都已应用于酶功能和特性的进化。最近已取得了重大进展，特别是在文库设计、筛选方法、在合成转化中的应用以及产生新酶功能的策略方面。
