刚果创伤性和自发性结膜下出血的流行病学

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kinshasa, DR Congo.

Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2009(311):31-6.

PURPOSE

To determine frequency and associated conditions of subconjunctival haemorrhage

METHODS

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of all consecutive patients with traumatic and spontaneous subconjunctival haemorrhage (SCH) examined between 1999 and 2004 in a general practice of ophthalmology.

RESULTS

There were 58 (0.8%) patients with SCH (61 eyes) among 6843 consulting patients. They consisted of 34 (58.6%) women and 24 (41.4%) men, with a mean age (SD) of 30.7 years (16). Among the 58 patients with SCH, 30 (51.7%) had traumatic SCH and 28 (48.3%) had spontaneous SCH. In both populations of patients, females outnumbered males. The mean age was 35.5 and 26.4 years for patients with spontaneous and traumatic SCH, respectively (P = 0.04). Patients with spontaneous SCH presented earlier (< or = 3 days, P = 0.006) and complained of a red eye at a greater extent than patients with traumatic SCH (P = 0.02). There were no statistically significant differences between the patients with spontaneous and traumatic SCH with respect to gender (P = 0.75), eye involvement (P = 0.69), location of SCH (P = 0.23) and occupation of patients (P = 0.50). The condition was unilateral in 90% of eyes. Location of SCH was most found to be temporal (36.1%) or nasal (26.2%). In spontaneous SCH, no apparent associated condition was found in 64.3%. Hypertension (14.3%) was the most frequent associated condition. Other associated conditions were rare and included vomiting, sneezing, malaria, hypoglycaemia, sickle cell disease and delivery. In traumatic SCH, 67% injuries occurred at home.

CONCLUSION

SCHs were seen in 0.8% of patients and occurred more frequently in women than in men in this study.

目的

确定结膜下出血的发生率及相关情况

方法

对1999年至2004年在一家眼科普通诊所检查的所有连续性外伤性和自发性结膜下出血（SCH）患者进行描述性横断面研究。

结果

在6843例就诊患者中，有58例（0.8%）患有SCH（61只眼）。其中女性34例（58.6%），男性24例（41.4%），平均年龄（标准差）为30.7岁（16岁）。在58例SCH患者中，30例（51.7%）为外伤性SCH，28例（48.3%）为自发性SCH。在这两组患者中，女性均多于男性。自发性和外伤性SCH患者的平均年龄分别为35.5岁和26.4岁（P = 0.04）。自发性SCH患者就诊时间更早（≤3天，P = 0.006），且比外伤性SCH患者更常主诉眼红（P = 0.02）。自发性和外伤性SCH患者在性别（P = 0.75）、患眼情况（P = 0.69）、SCH部位（P = 0.23）和患者职业（P = 0.50）方面无统计学显著差异。90%的患眼为单眼发病。SCH最常见的部位是颞侧（36.1%）或鼻侧（26.2%）。在自发性SCH中，64.3%未发现明显相关情况。高血压（14.3%）是最常见的相关情况。其他相关情况罕见，包括呕吐、打喷嚏、疟疾、低血糖、镰状细胞病和分娩。在外伤性SCH中，67%的损伤发生在家中。