Wilczyńska Urszula, Szeszenia-Dabrowska Neonila
Zakład Epidemiologii Srodowiskowej, Instytut Medycyny Pracy w Łodzi.
Przegl Lek. 2008;65 Suppl 2:1-4.
Bronchial asthma has been specified as a separate category of pathologies caused by occupational environment in the late 2002 into the list of occupational diseases. The number of cases of occupational asthma recorded during the five-year period (2003-2007) when the statistical data was collected and processed equalled 521; of those, 70.6% cases were recorded in men. The contribution of asthma to the overall number of occupational pathologies was 2.9%, while the incidence was 1.1 per 100 thousand paid employees. The number of new cases per year showed a falling trend. In 2007, it was by 38.8% lower than in 2003. Flour dust was the most frequent cause of asthma (51.2% cases), followed by other dusts of vegetable and animal origin (27.1%). Among chemical agents, disinfectants were most frequently quoted as the cause (3.3%). Over half (51.6%) of the asthma cases were diagnosed in people processing or selling food products. Of those, nearly all (99.3%) developed asthma due to contact with flour dust at the workplace. Most of that group (92.9%) were bakers and pastry cooks. Farmers were the second most numerous group of asthmatic workers (25.9%); of those, 93.3% developed asthma by contact with dusts of plant and animal origin and mites found in those dusts.
2002年末，支气管哮喘被明确列为由职业环境引起的一类单独的病理状况，并被列入职业病名单。在收集和处理统计数据的五年期间（2003 - 2007年），记录的职业性哮喘病例数为521例；其中，70.6%的病例记录在男性中。哮喘在职业病理总数中的占比为2.9%，发病率为每10万名带薪雇员中有1.1例。每年的新病例数呈下降趋势。2007年，该数字比2003年低38.8%。面粉粉尘是哮喘最常见的病因（51.2%的病例），其次是其他动植物源性粉尘（27.1%）。在化学制剂中，消毒剂最常被提及为病因（3.3%）。超过一半（51.6%）的哮喘病例是在从事食品加工或销售的人员中诊断出来的。其中，几乎所有病例（99.3%）都是由于在工作场所接触面粉粉尘而患上哮喘的。该群体中大多数（92.9%）是面包师和糕点厨师。农民是哮喘患者的第二大群体（25.9%）；其中，93.3%的农民是由于接触动植物源性粉尘以及这些粉尘中的螨虫而患上哮喘的。
