Faye M, Diawara C K, Ndiaye K R, Yam A A
Service d'Odontologie Pédiatrique, Départment d'Odontologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, UCAD, Dakar.
Dakar Med. 2008;53(3):162-9.
The role of fluoride in dental caries prevention when applied at optimal levels is well established. However, ingestion of excessive fluoride during tooth development can cause structural changes in tooth enamel named fluorosis. At Gandiaye a city situated in the Senegalese endemic fluorosis area, the main water supply provided by a unique drilling with highly fluoridated water has broken down in 1996. Since then, the drinking water comes from wells which have poor levels of fluorides. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and tooth decays in children born and reared continuously at Gandiaye after the stoppage of the drills and who were drinking water well.
Water samples were collected from two wells and analyzed using a spectrometer and a specific fluoride electrode. The prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis was evaluated according to Dean's method, and the caries experience was measured using the DMF teeth index in 150 children aged from 6 to 8 years.
The fluoride levels in the water well were comprised between 0.03 ppm and 0.09 ppm according to the method used. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 39.33% with the predominance of the very low to low fluorosis forms. The tooth decay prevalence was 48.66% and the mean DMF tooth was 0.98. A significant relationship was found between the dental fluorosis and the low caries levels.
A low to moderate dental fluorosis associated with a significant decrease of caries prevalence was found in children living in a high-fluoride area and consuming poorly fluorided water.
适量使用氟化物预防龋齿的作用已得到充分证实。然而，在牙齿发育期间摄入过量氟化物会导致牙釉质结构改变，即氟斑牙。在位于塞内加尔地方性氟中毒地区的甘迪亚市，1996年，由一口唯一的高氟水井提供的主要供水系统出现故障。从那时起，饮用水来自氟化物含量低的水井。本研究的目的是评估在水井停止供水后一直生活在甘迪亚市且饮用低氟水的儿童中氟斑牙和龋齿的患病率及严重程度。
从两口井采集水样，使用光谱仪和特定的氟电极进行分析。根据迪恩方法评估氟斑牙的患病率和严重程度，并使用乳牙龋失补牙面数（DMF）指数测量150名6至8岁儿童的龋齿情况。
根据所使用的方法，水井中的氟化物含量在0.03 ppm至0.09 ppm之间。氟斑牙的患病率为39.33%，以极低至轻度氟斑牙为主。龋齿患病率为48.66%，平均DMF值为0.98。发现氟斑牙与低龋齿水平之间存在显著关系。
在高氟地区生活且饮用低氟水儿童中发现了低至中度氟斑牙，同时龋齿患病率显著降低。
