Natochin Yu V
I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 M. Torez Prospekt, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2009 Sep;39(7):709-16. doi: 10.1007/s11055-009-9177-8. Epub 2009 Jul 22.
Studies on comparative and ontogenetic physiology appeared in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, and the view that these two methods are important for developing the bases of the evolution of functions was formulated. The term "evolutionary physiology" was proposed by Severtsov in 1914. At the beginning of the 1930s, the Laboratory for the Development of Problems in Evolutionary Physiology was established in the USSR and a review of these studies was published. The I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology was set up in Leningrad in 1956 under the direction of Orbeli, who formulated the main study areas and methods of evolutionary physiology. This field of physiology was actively developed over the following half century. Evolutionary physiology addresses problems of the evolution of functions and functional evolution, often recruiting methods from allied scientific fields, including biochemistry, morphology, and molecular biology.
关于比较生理学和个体发生生理学的研究出现在19世纪和20世纪初，并形成了这样一种观点，即这两种方法对于奠定功能进化的基础很重要。“进化生理学”一词由谢韦尔佐夫在1914年提出。20世纪30年代初，苏联成立了进化生理学问题发展实验室，并发表了对这些研究的综述。1956年，在奥尔别利的领导下，列宁格勒成立了伊·米·谢马什克进化生理研究所，他阐述了进化生理学的主要研究领域和方法。在接下来的半个世纪里，这一生理学领域得到了积极发展。进化生理学研究功能进化和功能演变的问题，常常采用包括生物化学、形态学和分子生物学在内的相关科学领域的方法。
