Eitan-Schiller Yael, Seidman Daniel S
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer.
Harefuah. 2009 Apr;148(4):251-5, 275.
A dramatic increase in the number of children born as a result of gamete donation has occurred worldwide over the past decade. Concurrent to the acceleration in the use of gamete donation there has been a growing movement advocating non-anonymity in donor programs and disclosure to the offspring of donor gamete conceptions. The fact that current recommendations concerning gamete donation differ widely among various countries reflects the Lack of consensus around the world, especially in regard to two major issues: donor anonymity and the disclosure decision. In the past, the donors' identity was always kept anonymous, and they were ensured full secrecy. Recently, a 'double track' policy has become increasingly popular. Under this policy, the donor has the choice to enter the program as either an anonymous or an identifiable donor, while the recipient can choose between these two types of donors. This scheme allows the recipients to decide in the future the degree of disclosure that best meets their interest in involving the donor in their lives. The parent's decision regarding disclosure of gamete donation before the child reflects their general philosophy and their individual values regarding the way they manage their Lives, and specifically how they desire to fulfill their role as parents. Study resuLts show that individual counseling appeared to be helpfuL and appreciated by study participants. This is particuLarLy true when delivered without judgment or directive personal opinion. Peer support, often in the form of professionally-led groups, was most highly valued. It seems likely that peer support, not only reduces the sense of isolation and stigma by normalizing the donor experience, but facilitates information acquisition derived from the shared, personal, lived experiences of other parents in the same unique life situation.
在过去十年中，全球范围内因配子捐赠而出生的儿童数量急剧增加。在配子捐赠使用加速的同时，倡导捐赠者计划不匿名并向配子捐赠受孕的后代披露信息的运动也在不断发展。目前关于配子捐赠的建议在不同国家差异很大，这一事实反映了全球缺乏共识，尤其是在两个主要问题上：捐赠者匿名和披露决定。过去，捐赠者的身份一直是保密的，并且确保他们完全保密。最近，“双轨”政策越来越受欢迎。根据这项政策，捐赠者可以选择以匿名或可识别的捐赠者身份进入该计划，而接受者可以在这两种类型的捐赠者之间进行选择。这种方案允许接受者在未来决定最符合他们让捐赠者参与其生活兴趣的披露程度。父母在孩子面前关于披露配子捐赠的决定反映了他们对生活管理方式的总体理念和个人价值观，特别是他们希望如何履行父母的角色。研究结果表明，个体咨询似乎对研究参与者有帮助且受到赞赏。当咨询不带有评判或指导性个人意见时尤其如此。同伴支持，通常是以专业指导小组的形式，最受重视。同伴支持不仅通过使捐赠经历正常化来减少孤立感和耻辱感，而且有助于从处于相同独特生活状况的其他父母的共同个人生活经历中获取信息。
