Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 Jan;34(1):80-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.07.005. Epub 2009 Jul 22.
Numerous studies support the notion that cumulative exposure to chronic stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Various stress-related hormones have been proposed as potential mediators of the relationship between psychological stress and CVD, including catecholamines and more indirectly, cortisol. Somewhat surprisingly, although aldosterone is also released in response to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, it has not been considered as relevant for this relationship. In the present review we will consider aldosterone as a potentially important mediator of the relationship between negative affective states and CVD. First, we will briefly review the known functions and roles of aldosterone, and then consider its actions in both the brain and the periphery. We will then review the available literature on the role of aldosterone in CVD, and also consider links between aldosterone and various forms of chronic psychological stress. Finally we will present an integrated model of how aldosterone may mediate effects of chronic stress on CVD, recommend new directions for research, and identify important methodological and design issues for this work.
大量研究支持这样一种观点，即慢性应激的累积暴露是心血管疾病 (CVD) 的一个风险因素。各种与应激相关的激素被认为是心理应激与 CVD 之间关系的潜在介质，包括儿茶酚胺，更间接的是皮质醇。有点令人惊讶的是，尽管醛固酮也会因下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺 (HPA) 轴的激活而释放，但它并没有被认为与这种关系有关。在本综述中，我们将把醛固酮视为负面情绪状态与 CVD 之间关系的一个潜在重要介质。首先，我们将简要回顾醛固酮的已知功能和作用，然后考虑其在大脑和外周组织中的作用。接下来，我们将回顾有关醛固酮在 CVD 中的作用的现有文献，并考虑醛固酮与各种形式的慢性心理应激之间的联系。最后，我们将提出一个综合模型，说明醛固酮如何介导慢性应激对 CVD 的影响，为这项工作推荐新的研究方向，并确定重要的方法学和设计问题。
