Singleton Jessica, Degenhardt Louisa, Hall Wayne, Zabransky Tomas
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009 Nov 1;105(1-2):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.05.028. Epub 2009 Jul 23.
To report the results of a comprehensive literature search of studies of mortality among people who use amphetamines.
Three electronic databases were searched (EMBASE, Medline and PsycINFO) and "grey" literature was located. Shortlists of papers were circulated to experts to ascertain whether any important papers had been missed. Papers were hand-searched to retrieve any additional relevant articles.
Studies meeting inclusion criteria were prospective cohort studies examining mortality risk among dependent and problematic amphetamine users. Crude mortality rates (CMR/100PY) and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were the primary outcome measures considered. Data on overall mortality, and rates for specific causes of death, were of interest.
2187 articles and 9 grey literature sources were obtained. After thorough review, 72 articles were identified as reporting on amphetamine-related mortality, 7 provided data from cohort studies of users. An additional study of Swedish military conscripts was identified by the authors during correspondence with other researchers. The geographic spread of cohorts was restricted to high income countries with the exception of one Thai study; reporting of standard parameters in mortality studies was often sparse. The estimated CMRs ranged from 0 in Australia to 2.95 (1.46-4.59) in Thailand. The Czech cohort reported the only SMR: 6.22 overall, males: 5.87, females: 7.84.
Given the widespread use of amphetamines, the known non-fatal adverse effects of use and the mortality rates reported here, cohort studies investigating the morbidity and mortality associated with such drug use should be a research priority.
报告对使用苯丙胺者死亡率研究进行全面文献检索的结果。
检索了三个电子数据库（EMBASE、Medline和PsycINFO）并查找了“灰色”文献。将论文清单分发给专家以确定是否遗漏了任何重要论文。对手头资料进行检索以获取任何其他相关文章。
符合纳入标准的研究为前瞻性队列研究，考察依赖型和问题型苯丙胺使用者的死亡风险。粗死亡率（每100人年的CMR）和标准化死亡比（SMR）是主要考虑的结局指标。关注总体死亡率数据以及特定死因的发生率。
共获得2187篇文章和9个灰色文献来源。经过全面审查，确定有72篇文章报告了与苯丙胺相关的死亡率，7篇提供了使用者队列研究的数据。作者在与其他研究人员的通信过程中还确定了一项关于瑞典应征入伍者的额外研究。除了一项泰国研究外，队列研究的地理分布仅限于高收入国家；死亡率研究中标准参数的报告往往很少。估计的粗死亡率范围从澳大利亚的0到泰国的2.95（1.46 - 4.59）。捷克队列报告了唯一的标准化死亡比：总体为6.22，男性为5.87，女性为7.84。
鉴于苯丙胺的广泛使用、已知的使用非致命不良反应以及此处报告的死亡率，调查此类药物使用相关发病率和死亡率的队列研究应成为研究重点。
