德国预防性拘留的新进展。
New developments in preventive detention in Germany.
作者信息
Steinböck Herbert R
机构信息
Forensic Department, Clinic of Eastern Munich, Haar, Germany.
出版信息
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2009 Sep;22(5):488-91. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32832ed7da.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The present review focuses on forensic psychiatric aspects of new developments in preventive detention in Germany.
RECENT FINDINGS
After a short introduction to the history of preventive detention in Germany and its enacting in 1933, a survey is given about both main pathways in German penal code, penalty because of guilt after an offence by healthy prisoners and prevention because of dangerousness in healthy prisoners as well as in psychiatric ill persons having mentally ill offenders. Then, there are given a few examples of new developments of security laws: retroactive preventive detention, reservation of preventive detention, subsequent preventive detention, and its extension to young persons. The consequences in the practice of forensic psychiatry and their reflection in recent psychiatric literature are described and discussed.
SUMMARY
There is a broad consent between German forensic psychiatrists that the described changes in criminal law and the increasing application of preventive detention will intensify antiliberal tendencies not only within jurisdiction but also within forensic and general psychiatry.
综述目的
本综述聚焦于德国预防性拘留新进展中的法医精神病学方面。
最新发现
在简要介绍德国预防性拘留的历史及其于1933年颁布之后，对德国刑法典中的两条主要途径进行了概述，即健康囚犯犯罪后因有罪而受罚，以及健康囚犯和患有精神疾病的罪犯因其危险性而被预防性拘留。接着，列举了安全法新进展的几个例子：追溯性预防性拘留、预防性拘留保留、后续预防性拘留及其向年轻人的扩展。描述并讨论了这些进展在法医精神病学实践中的后果及其在近期精神病学文献中的反映。
总结
德国法医精神病学家普遍认为，刑法的上述变化以及预防性拘留的日益应用不仅会在司法管辖范围内，而且会在法医精神病学和普通精神病学领域强化反自由主义倾向。
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