The College of William and Mary, 4904 Falcon Creek Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA.
Psychiatr Q. 2009 Dec;80(4):219-31. doi: 10.1007/s11126-009-9109-3.
The American State Hospital has survived over 200 years. Society once viewed state hospitals as an absolute necessity and each state constructed numerous hospitals. Over time, the image of the state hospital as a means to cure the mentally ill changed drastically. The public perceived state hospitals as snake pits that warehoused the mentally ill and the state hospital was nearly destroyed. Nevertheless, the state hospital remains today with purposes similar to its ancestors and some that are very different. This paper examines the many influences that created the state hospital. Additionally, this paper addresses the Kirkbride Model, treatment methods and practices over time, and how the state hospital fell into disfavor as a means to treat the mentally ill. The paper concludes with comments on the mental health system today, in relation to the state hospital's role in treatment.
美国州立医院已经存在了 200 多年。社会曾经认为州立医院是绝对必要的，每个州都建造了许多医院。随着时间的推移，州立医院作为治疗精神疾病的手段的形象发生了巨大的变化。公众认为州立医院是关押精神病人的蛇坑，州立医院几乎被摧毁。然而，州立医院今天仍然存在，其目的与它的祖先相似，也有一些非常不同。本文探讨了许多因素，这些因素共同造就了州立医院。此外，本文还介绍了 Kirkbride 模式、随着时间的推移的治疗方法和实践，以及州立医院作为治疗精神疾病的手段是如何失宠的。本文最后对当今的精神卫生系统进行了评论，讨论了州立医院在治疗中的作用。
