Brown George R, McDuffie Everett
East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.
J Correct Health Care. 2009 Oct;15(4):280-91. doi: 10.1177/1078345809340423. Epub 2009 Jul 27.
Inmates with gender identity disorders (GID) pose special challenges to policy makers in U.S. prison systems. Transgender persons are likely overrepresented in prisons; a reasonable estimate is that at least 750 transgender prisoners were in custody in 2007. Using the Freedom of Information Act, requests were mailed to each state, the District of Columbia, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons in 2007. The requests were for copies of policies, directives, memos, or other documents concerning placement and health care access of transgender inmates. By April 2008, 46 responses were received; 6 states did not reply. Information was qualitatively analyzed and summarized. There was substantial disparity in transgender health care for inmates with GID or related conditions. Most systems allowed for diagnostic evaluations. There was wide variability in access to cross-sex hormones, with some allowing for continuation of treatment and others allowing for both continuation and de novo initiation of treatment. There was uniformity in denial of surgical treatments for GID.
患有性别认同障碍（GID）的囚犯给美国监狱系统的政策制定者带来了特殊挑战。跨性别者在监狱中的比例可能过高；据合理估计，2007年至少有750名跨性别囚犯被羁押。2007年，根据《信息自由法》，向每个州、哥伦比亚特区和联邦监狱管理局邮寄了申请。申请内容是获取有关跨性别囚犯安置和医疗保健的政策、指令、备忘录或其他文件的副本。截至2008年4月，收到了46份回复；6个州未作回应。对信息进行了定性分析和总结。对于患有GID或相关病症的囚犯，跨性别医疗保健存在很大差异。大多数系统允许进行诊断评估。在获取跨性别激素方面存在很大差异，一些系统允许继续治疗，另一些系统则允许继续治疗和重新开始治疗。对于GID的手术治疗，各系统均予以拒绝，这一点是一致的。
