Park Joo-Hong
Department of the History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Uisahak. 2009 Jun;18(1):15-41.
After conducting comparative research into the process of forming the Theory of Constitution in Ancient Western Medicine and that of Four Trigrams Constitution(Sasang Constitution) in Korean Medicine and contents of two Theories of Constitution in terms of medical history, both theories were found to be formed by an interaction between philosophy and medicine, followed by a combination of the two, on a philosophical basis. The Theory of Constitution in Ancient Western Medicine began with the Theory of Four Elements presented by Empedocles, followed by the Theory of Four Humors presented by Hippocrates and the Theory of Four Temperaments by Galenos, forming and developing the Theory of Constitution. After the Middle Ages, there was no significant advance in the Theory of Constitution by modern times ; however, it developed into the theory of constitution type of Kretschmer and others after the 19th century and into the scientific theory of constitution based on genetics presented by Garrod and others early in the 20th century. The Theory of Four Trigrams Constitution began with the Theory of Constitution in Huangdi Neijing, followed by developments and influences of existing medicine called beginning, restoration, and revival periods and DongeuisoosebowonSaSangChoBonGwon based on the original philosophy of Four Trigrams presented by Lee Je-ma, which is found in GyeokChiGo, DongMuYuGo and so on, ultimately forming and developing into the Theory of Four Trigrams Constitution in Dongeuisoosebowon. Recently, a lot of research is being conducted into making it objective in order to achieve reproducibility in diagnosis and so forth of Four Trigrams Constitution.
在对西方古代医学体质理论与韩医学四象体质（ Sasang体质）理论的形成过程以及两种体质理论的医学史内容进行比较研究后发现，两种理论都是在哲学基础上，由哲学与医学相互作用、二者结合而形成的。西方古代医学体质理论始于恩培多克勒提出的四元素说，后有希波克拉底提出的四体液说以及盖伦提出的四种气质说，在此基础上形成并发展了体质理论。中世纪以后，体质理论在近代没有显著进展；然而，19世纪后发展为克雷奇默等人的体质类型理论，20世纪初又发展为加罗德等人提出的基于遗传学的科学体质理论。四象体质理论始于《黄帝内经》中的体质理论，后经历了所谓的开创、复兴和鼎盛时期的既有医学的发展与影响，以及基于李济马在《格致古》《东医舆医》等著作中提出的四象原哲学的《东医寿世保元·四象著论》，最终在《东医寿世保元》中形成并发展为四象体质理论。最近，为了在四象体质的诊断等方面实现可重复性，人们正在进行大量使其客观化的研究。
