Guittar John L, Dear Fiona, Vaughan Christopher
Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112, USA.
Rev Biol Trop. 2009 Mar-Jun;57(1-2):387-93. doi: 10.15517/rbt.v57i1-2.11344.
The Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) is an endangered species. In Costa Rica, the Scarlet Macaw population of the Central Pacific Conservation Area (ACOPAC, n =432 individuals) has undergone considdrable study and has been used effectively as a flagship species for regional conservation. Costa Rica's only other viable Scarlet Macaw population, located in the Osa Peninsula Conservation Area (ACOSA, n=800-1200 individuals), remains virtually unstudied. We studied ACOSA Scarlet Macaw nest cavities from February 19th to March 22nd 2006. Through informal interviews with park guards and residents, we found a total of 57 potential nests in 52 trees. Eleven nests were reported as frequently poached. Scarlet Macaws used 14 identified tree species, ten of which are unrecorded in Costa Rica. The most common nesting trees were Caryocar costaricense (n=12, 24%), Schizolobium parahyba (n=9, 18.0%), Ceibapentandra (n=7, 14.0%) and Ficus sp. (n=5, 10.0%). We compare nesting characteristics to those recorded in ACOPAC. A combination of bottom-up and top-down strategies are necessary to ensure the Scarlet Macaw's long-term success, including environmental education in local schools, community stewardship of active nests, and the advertisement of stricter penalties for poaching.
绯红金刚鹦鹉（Ara macao）是一种濒危物种。在哥斯达黎加，中太平洋保护区（ACOPAC，n = 432只个体）的绯红金刚鹦鹉种群已经经过了大量研究，并被有效地用作区域保护的旗舰物种。哥斯达黎加另一个唯一有生存能力的绯红金刚鹦鹉种群位于奥斯半岛保护区（ACOSA，n = 800 - 1200只个体），实际上仍未得到研究。我们在2006年2月19日至3月22日期间对ACOSA的绯红金刚鹦鹉巢穴进行了研究。通过与公园护林员和居民的非正式访谈，我们在52棵树中总共发现了57个潜在巢穴。据报告，有11个巢穴经常被偷猎。绯红金刚鹦鹉使用了14种已确定的树种，其中10种在哥斯达黎加没有记录。最常见的筑巢树是哥斯达黎加猪油果（n = 12，24%）、巴西裂榄（n = 9，18.0%）、吉贝（n = 7，14.0%）和榕属植物（n = 5，10.0%）。我们将筑巢特征与在ACOPAC记录的特征进行了比较。自下而上和自上而下的策略相结合对于确保绯红金刚鹦鹉的长期生存成功至关重要，包括在当地学校开展环境教育、对活跃巢穴进行社区管理，以及宣传对偷猎行为更严厉的处罚。
