Patiño W Lena C, Monge Otto, Suzán Gerardo, Gutiérrez-Espeleta Gustavo, Chaves Andrea
1 Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, CP 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
2 Asociación Awá Conservation, Barrio Cubujuquí, Heredia, Costa Rica.
J Wildl Dis. 2018 Apr;54(2):357-361. doi: 10.7589/2017-05-124. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
We conducted a study of the two main populations of free-living Scarlet Macaws ( Ara macao) in Costa Rica to detect the causal agents of avian tuberculosis using noninvasive techniques. We analyzed 83 fecal samples collected between February and May 2016 from the central and southern Pacific areas in the country. Using PCR, we first amplified the 16S region of the ribosomal RNA, common to all Mycobacterium species. Then, products from the insertion sequence IS901 and from a 155-base pair DNA fragment evidenced the presence of the avian pathogenic Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium strain and a Mycobacterium genavense strain, respectively. Seven of 38 (18%) samples collected in the central Pacific area were positive for Mycobacterium spp. and 3 of 38 (8%) were positive for M. genavense, with one sample amplifying regions for both. Two of the 45 (4%) samples collected in the south Pacific area of Costa Rica were positive to M. a. avium. Our detection of avian tuberculosis pathogens in free-living Scarlet Macaws suggests that free-living macaws could excrete in their feces M. genavense, bird-pathogenic M. a. avium, and possibly other Mycobacteria (not detected in our study).
我们对哥斯达黎加自由生活的两种主要红金刚鹦鹉种群（琉璃金刚鹦鹉）进行了一项研究，以使用非侵入性技术检测禽结核病的病原体。我们分析了2016年2月至5月间从该国中太平洋和南太平洋地区采集的83份粪便样本。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR），我们首先扩增了所有分枝杆菌属物种共有的核糖体RNA的16S区域。然后，来自插入序列IS901和一个155碱基对DNA片段的产物分别证明了禽致病性鸟分枝杆菌亚种鸟型菌株和日内瓦分枝杆菌菌株的存在。在中太平洋地区采集的38份样本中有7份（18%）分枝杆菌属呈阳性，38份中有3份（8%）日内瓦分枝杆菌呈阳性，其中一份样本扩增出了两个区域。在哥斯达黎加南太平洋地区采集的45份样本中有2份（4%）对鸟分枝杆菌亚种鸟型菌株呈阳性。我们在自由生活的红金刚鹦鹉中检测到禽结核病原菌，这表明自由生活的金刚鹦鹉可能会在粪便中排泄出日内瓦分枝杆菌、鸟类致病性鸟分枝杆菌亚种鸟型菌株，以及可能的其他分枝杆菌（在我们的研究中未检测到）。
