San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), 20132 Milano, Italy.
Immunol Lett. 2009 Dec 2;127(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.07.007. Epub 2009 Jul 28.
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are thought to be pivotal in controlling both autoimmune and allogeneic undesired immune responses. Recently, an extensive effort has been devoted to design clinical trials with Tregs in T cell-mediated diseases (such as autoimmune diseases or transplantation). Theoretically, this approach can be used also in patients with autoimmunity (e.g., type 1 diabetes) undergoing allogeneic transplantation (e.g., pancreatic islet transplant). However, in this latter case Tregs must control two distinct effector immune responses: a pre-existing response towards self-antigens and a de novo response induced by the newly transplanted allogeneic cells. In this review we summarize results supporting the use of Tregs in controlling either autoimmunity or allo-transplantation. We also provide our view on how Treg therapy can achieve the final goal of immunological tolerance in the extremely challenging clinical setting of type 1 diabetic subjects transplanted with allogeneic islets.
调节性 T 细胞（Tregs）被认为在控制自身免疫和同种异体免疫反应方面起着关键作用。最近，人们投入了大量精力来设计 T 细胞介导的疾病（如自身免疫性疾病或移植）中 Tregs 的临床试验。从理论上讲，这种方法也可用于接受同种异体移植（如胰岛移植）的自身免疫患者（如 1 型糖尿病）。然而，在后一种情况下，Tregs 必须控制两种不同的效应免疫反应：针对自身抗原的预先存在的反应和由新移植的同种异体细胞诱导的新反应。在这篇综述中，我们总结了支持使用 Tregs 来控制自身免疫或同种异体移植的结果。我们还就 Treg 治疗如何在接受同种异体胰岛移植的 1 型糖尿病患者这一极具挑战性的临床环境中实现免疫耐受的最终目标提供了我们的看法。
