Brodeur Mathieu B, Pelletier Marc, Lepage Martin
Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Schizophr Res. 2009 Oct;114(1-3):71-8. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.06.023. Epub 2009 Jul 29.
In healthy people, enacting actions by manipulating objects improves memory compared to verbal encoding of the description of the same actions. We used this paradigm to test memory for actions in 40 stable schizophrenia participants and 24 healthy volunteers. Three encoding conditions were used and consisted of action sentences that were: 1) self-performed by the participants, 2) performed by an experimenter (observed), or 3) encoded verbally. Memory for those actions was tested in two formats. First a cued-recall task with the object as a retrieval cue was administered. Secondly source recognition was examined by asking the participants to decide in which of the three conditions each action was encoded. On cued-recall, schizophrenia participants largely benefited from self-enacting actions, reaching performance levels comparable to that of the healthy volunteers. On the source recognition test however, they showed a substantial impairment. The present study thus indicates that people with schizophrenia can benefit from the enactment effect. However, the fact that their performance was reduced considerably during source recognition relative to healthy volunteers suggests that the beneficial effect provided by enactment was mostly implicit.
在健康人群中，与对相同动作描述进行言语编码相比，通过操纵物体执行动作能改善记忆。我们采用这一范式对40名稳定期精神分裂症患者和24名健康志愿者的动作记忆进行测试。使用了三种编码条件，均为动作句子：1）由参与者自己执行，2）由实验者执行（观察到的），或3）言语编码。对这些动作的记忆通过两种形式进行测试。首先进行以物体作为检索线索的线索回忆任务。其次，通过要求参与者判断每个动作是在三种条件中的哪一种下进行编码来检验来源识别。在线索回忆方面，精神分裂症患者很大程度上从自己执行动作中受益，达到了与健康志愿者相当的表现水平。然而，在来源识别测试中，他们表现出明显受损。因此，本研究表明精神分裂症患者能从执行效应中受益。然而，与健康志愿者相比，他们在来源识别过程中的表现大幅下降，这一事实表明执行所带来的有益效应大多是隐性的。
