Genevsky Alexander, Garrett Coleman T, Alexander Phillip P, Vinogradov Sophia
Mental Health Service, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, California 94121, USA.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2010;12(3):416-21. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2010.12.3/agenevsky.
Meta-analytic data from over a decade of research in cognitive remediation, when combined with recent findings from basic and clinical neuroscience, have resulted in a new understanding of the critical elements that can contribute to successful cognitive training approaches for schizophrenia. Some of these elements include: the use of computerized repetitive practice methods, high dosing schedules, a focus on sensory processing, and carefully constrained and individually adapted learning trials. In a preliminary randomized controlled trial of cognitive training exercises based on these principles, we demonstrated significant improvements in working memory, verbal learning and memory, and global cognition in patients with schizophrenia. These cognitive improvements were accompanied by neurobiological findings suggestive of learning-induced cortical plasticity. Future directions for research and essential remaining questions are discussed.
来自十余年认知康复研究的荟萃分析数据，与基础神经科学和临床神经科学的最新研究结果相结合，使人们对有助于成功开展精神分裂症认知训练方法的关键要素有了新的认识。其中一些要素包括：使用计算机化重复练习方法、高剂量训练方案、关注感觉加工以及精心设计且个性化调整的学习试验。在一项基于这些原则的认知训练练习的初步随机对照试验中，我们证明了精神分裂症患者的工作记忆、言语学习与记忆以及整体认知有显著改善。这些认知改善伴随着提示学习诱导皮层可塑性的神经生物学发现。本文还讨论了未来的研究方向以及尚存的关键问题。
