Onishchenko G G
Gig Sanit. 2009 May-Jun(3):66-71.
To create healthy and safe working conditions are constantly in the focus of attention at all governmental levels. To reduce deaths and traumatism from occupational accidents and diseases, by providing safe working conditions is one of the priorities of the demographic policy pursued by the Government of the Russian Federation. In the able-bodied population, the current mortality from natural causes (accidents, poisonings, and traumas, including occupation-related ones) exceeds that by 2.5 and 1.5 times in developed and developing countries, respectively. The worse conditions remain to be those in coal-mining and shipbuilding industries, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, agriculture, tractor-building and agricultural engineering, building materials industry, road-building machinery, logging industry, power machine building, and civil engineering. On-going checks reveal low sanitary culture and industrial discipline, no package of sanitary-and-prophylactic measures, as well as poor knowledge about sanitary legislation requirements in the heads of small-scale business and private undertakings. In 2006, the Russian Federation notified 357 cases of occupational diseases among medical workers, of which there were 196 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and 39 cases of viral hepatitis. Despite the fact that the cases of occupational diseases are annually on the decrease, these are being underdetected.
创造健康和安全的工作条件一直是各级政府关注的焦点。通过提供安全的工作条件来减少职业事故和疾病导致的死亡及创伤，是俄罗斯联邦政府人口政策的优先事项之一。在劳动人口中，目前自然原因（事故、中毒和创伤，包括与职业相关的）导致的死亡率在发达国家和发展中国家分别比正常情况高出2.5倍和1.5倍。煤矿开采、造船、黑色和有色金属冶金、农业、拖拉机制造和农业工程、建筑材料工业、筑路机械、伐木工业、动力机械制造和土木工程等行业的工作条件仍然较差。正在进行的检查发现，小规模企业和私人企业负责人的卫生文化和行业纪律水平较低，缺乏一整套卫生预防措施，对卫生立法要求的了解也很差。2006年，俄罗斯联邦通报了357例医务人员职业病病例，其中196例为肺结核，39例为病毒性肝炎。尽管职业病病例每年都在减少，但仍未被充分发现。
