Importance of the "what," "when," and "where" of mosquito collection events.

There is increasing need to apply established standards for recording data on mosquito collection events, because of the diversity of potential data providers, and the growth and interoperability of online databases designed to host these collection records. In particular, adequate taxonomic and georeference data are needed for geodatabases such as Mosquitomap (http://www. mosquitomap.org/) that map and compare these collection points with other spatial information in a geographical information system (GIS) setting. Accurately georeferenced collection data are crucial for understanding mosquito biogeography, ecology, and the impact of environmental changes, as well as for species distribution modeling, planning mosquito surveys, and for determining disease risk. We sampled representative published reports of new mosquito species records from 1980 in North America to the present to ascertain the quality of georeference information. Our results show that authors have increased the frequency of reporting georeferences but that they vary in the precision of the georeference, and some information, such as the source, date, and datum of the georeference, are usually not given. We discuss recently established standards for recording collection events, some relevant online resources available to researchers to assist them in their georeferencing, and the data input schema developed for the Mosquitomap database. We propose that the mosquito research community adopt data standards for recording and reporting the results of mosquito collection events to increase the value of these data. In particular, we recommend authors lodge voucher specimens and use a GPS set to the WGS84 datum.