Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
Toxicology. 2010 Feb 9;268(3):139-42. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.07.015. Epub 2009 Jul 29.
Chemical allergy describes the adverse health effects that may result when exposure to a chemical elicits an immune response. Allergy develops in two phases. In the first phase, exposure of an inherently susceptible subject results in stimulation of an immune response or immunological priming. If the then sensitised subject is exposed on a subsequent occasion to the same chemical then an accelerated and more aggressive secondary immune response will be provoked resulting in inflammation and the signs and symptoms of a clinically discernible allergic reaction. The two forms of chemical allergy of greatest relevance for occupational toxicology are skin sensitisation resulting in allergic contact dermatitis, and sensitisation of the respiratory tract associated with occupational rhinitis and asthma. In this brief survey we identify what we believe currently represent the key issues and key challenges in these areas.
化学过敏描述了暴露于化学物质后可能产生的不良反应。过敏反应分为两个阶段。在第一阶段，易感性个体暴露于某种物质后，会引发免疫反应或免疫致敏。如果随后再次暴露于相同的化学物质，致敏的个体将引发加速和更强烈的二次免疫反应，导致炎症和可临床识别的过敏反应的迹象和症状。职业毒理学中与化学过敏相关的两种主要形式是导致过敏性接触性皮炎的皮肤致敏，以及与职业性鼻炎和哮喘相关的呼吸道致敏。在本次简要调查中，我们确定了我们认为目前在这些领域存在的关键问题和挑战。
