Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
J Appl Microbiol. 2010 Feb;108(2):472-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04439.x. Epub 2009 Jun 25.
The microbiota at industrial full-scale composting plants has earlier been fragmentarily studied with molecular methods. Here, fungal communities from different stages of a full-scale and a pilot-scale composting reactors were studied before and after wood ash amendment.
The portion of fungal biomass, determined using phospholipid fatty acid analysis, varied between 6.3% and 38.5% in different composting phases. The fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) area was cloned and sequenced from 19 samples representing different stages of the composting processes. Altogether 2986 sequenced clones were grouped into 166 phylotypes from which 35% had a close match in the sequence databases. The fungal communities of the samples were related with the measured environmental variables in order to identify phylotypes typical of certain composting conditions. The fungal phylotypes could be grouped into those that dominated the mesophilic low pH initial phases (sequences similar to genera Candida, Pichia and Dipodascaceae) and those found mostly or exclusively in the thermophilic phase (sequences clustering to Thermomyces, Candida and Rhizomucor), but a few were also present throughout the whole process.
The community composition was found to vary between suboptimally and optimally operating processes. In addition, there were differences in fungal communities between processes of industrial and pilot scale.
The results of this study reveal the fungal diversity with molecular methods in industrial composting process. This is also one of the first studies conducted with samples from an industrial biowaste composting process.
先前已经使用分子方法对工业规模堆肥厂的微生物群落进行了零散的研究。在这里，研究了在添加木灰前后，来自工业规模和中试规模堆肥反应器不同阶段的真菌群落。
使用磷脂脂肪酸分析测定的真菌生物量部分，在不同堆肥阶段的变化范围为 6.3%至 38.5%之间。从代表堆肥过程不同阶段的 19 个样本中克隆并测序了真菌内部转录间隔区（ITS）区域。总共克隆和测序了 2986 个克隆，分为 166 个类群，其中 35%在序列数据库中有密切匹配。对样本中的真菌群落与测量的环境变量进行了相关分析，以确定某些堆肥条件下典型的类群。真菌类群可以分为那些在中温低 pH 初始阶段占主导地位的类群（与属 Candida、Pichia 和 Dipodascaceae 相似的序列）和那些主要或仅在高温阶段发现的类群（聚类到 Thermomyces、Candida 和 Rhizomucor 的序列），但也有一些存在于整个过程中。
发现群落组成在运行状况不佳和最佳之间存在差异。此外，工业规模和中试规模过程的真菌群落存在差异。
本研究使用分子方法揭示了工业堆肥过程中的真菌多样性。这也是首次对工业生物废物堆肥过程的样本进行的研究之一。
