Novinscak Amy, DeCoste Nadine J, Surette Céline, Filion Martin
Department of Biology, Universite de Moncton, 165 Massey Ave, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.
Can J Microbiol. 2009 Apr;55(4):375-87. doi: 10.1139/W08-152.
Composting is a microbial process that converts organic waste into a nutrient-rich end product used in horticultural and agricultural applications. The diversity and long-term succession of microorganisms found in composted biosolids has been less characterized than other composts. In this study, bacterial and fungal communities found in composted biosolids aging from 1 to 24 months were studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing. The results revealed high levels of diversity, where 53 bacterial species belonging to 10 phyla and 21 fungal species belonging to 4 phyla were identified. Significant differences were observed when comparing the bacterial DGGE patterns of young compost samples, whereas no differences were observed in samples over 8 months. For fungal patterns, no significant differences were observed during the first 4 months of composting, but the diversity then significantly shifted until 24 months. The results indicate that patterns of bacterial species vary during the first few months of composting, whereas fungal patterns generally vary throughout the whole process, except during early stages. The description of the main microbial groups found in composted biosolids could find various applications, including the discovery of biotechnologically relevant microorganisms and the development of novel markers allowing quantitative monitoring of key microorganisms.
堆肥是一个微生物过程，它将有机废物转化为用于园艺和农业应用的富含营养的最终产物。与其他堆肥相比，堆肥化生物固体中发现的微生物的多样性和长期演替情况的特征描述较少。在本研究中，使用变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）和测序技术研究了堆肥化生物固体在1至24个月老化过程中的细菌和真菌群落。结果显示出高度的多样性，共鉴定出属于10个门的53种细菌和属于4个门的21种真菌。比较年轻堆肥样品的细菌DGGE图谱时观察到显著差异，而8个月以上的样品中未观察到差异。对于真菌图谱，在堆肥的前4个月未观察到显著差异，但随后多样性显著变化，直至24个月。结果表明，细菌种类的图谱在堆肥的最初几个月中有所不同，而真菌图谱除早期阶段外通常在整个过程中都有所不同。对堆肥化生物固体中发现的主要微生物群的描述可用于各种应用，包括发现与生物技术相关的微生物以及开发允许对关键微生物进行定量监测的新型标记物。
