Arain Muhammad Balal, Kazi Tasneem Gul, Baig Jameel Ahmed, Jamali Muhammad Khan, Afridi Hassan Imran, Jalbani Nusrat, Sarfraz Raja Adil, Shah Abdul Qadir, Kandhro Ghulam Abbas
Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
Sci Total Environ. 2009 Oct 15;407(21):5524-30. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.012. Epub 2009 Aug 7.
In this study, a survey has been conducted during 2005-2007 on surface and groundwater arsenic (As) contamination and its impact on the health of local population, of villages located on the banks of Manchar lake, southern part of Sindh, Pakistan. We have also assessed the relationship between arsenic exposure through respiratory disorders in male subjects with drinking water and smoking cigarettes made from tobacco grown in agricultural land irrigated with As contaminated lake water. The biological samples (blood and scalp hair) were collected from As exposed subjects (100% smokers) and age matched healthy male subjects (40.2% smoker and 59.8% non smokers) belong to unexposed areas for comparison purposes. The As concentration in drinking water (surface and underground water), agricultural soil, cigarette tobacco and biological samples were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The range of As concentrations in lake water was 35.2-158 microg/L (average 97.5 microg/L), which is 3-15 folds higher than permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO, 2004). While the As level in local cigarette tobacco was found to be 3-6 folds higher than branded cigarettes (0.37-0.79 microg/g). Arsenic exposed subjects (with and without RD) had significantly elevated levels of As in their biological samples as compared to referent male subject of unexposed area. These respiratory effects were more pronounced in individuals who had also As induced skin lesions. The linear regressions showed good correlations between As concentrations in water versus hair and blood samples of exposed subjects with and without respiratory problems.
在本研究中，于2005年至2007年期间对巴基斯坦信德省南部曼查尔湖岸边村庄的地表水和地下水砷（As）污染及其对当地居民健康的影响进行了调查。我们还评估了男性受试者通过饮用受砷污染的湖水灌溉农田种植的烟草制成的香烟以及饮用水而接触砷与呼吸系统疾病之间的关系。为了进行比较，从砷暴露受试者（100%吸烟者）和年龄匹配的健康男性受试者（40.2%吸烟者和59.8%非吸烟者，来自未暴露地区）采集了生物样本（血液和头皮毛发）。通过电热原子吸收光谱法测定了饮用水（地表水和地下水）、农业土壤、香烟烟草和生物样本中的砷浓度。湖水中砷浓度范围为35.2 - 158微克/升（平均97.5微克/升），比世界卫生组织（WHO，2004年）的许可限值高3至15倍。而当地香烟烟草中的砷含量比名牌香烟（0.37 - 0.79微克/克）高3至6倍。与未暴露地区的对照男性受试者相比，砷暴露受试者（有和没有呼吸系统疾病）的生物样本中砷水平显著升高。这些呼吸影响在同时患有砷诱导皮肤病变的个体中更为明显。线性回归显示，有和没有呼吸问题的暴露受试者的水中砷浓度与毛发和血液样本中的砷浓度之间具有良好的相关性。
