Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan.
Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jul;26(20):20853-20865. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05367-9. Epub 2019 May 20.
Urban areas under the influence of multi-industrial activities with arid and semi-arid environments witness the significant increase in environmental pollution especially in the water sector. The present study evaluated the water quality and associated health risk assessment through heavy metal pollution. Drinking (n = 48) and surface (n = 37) water samples were collected from semi-arid multi-industrial metropolis, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Physio-chemical and biological parameters and different metals (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni and Zn) were investigated using standard procedures and multivariate water quality assessments. Many physio-chemical and biological parameters and metals especially arsenic were exceeding the permissible limit of Punjab environmental quality standards and the World Health Organization. The results from water quality index showed that < 56% samples have poor, < 8% have very poor and < 6% have unsuitable water quality for drinking purposes. Water quality for the Gugera Branch Canal was found suitable with medium sodium (alkalinity) and salinity hazards, while it was found poor with magnesium absorption ratio. Hazard quotient (HQ) values for arsenic were found at the threshold level (HQ > 1) and carcinogenicity was found in case of arsenic and chromium (1 × 10) in adults and children. Semi-arid weather combined with different anthropogenic activities and unusual water features provoked metal contamination. Results of the present study can deliver basic information for effective management of water in the most populous and industrial areas.
多产业活动影响下的干旱半干旱环境中的城市地区，特别是在水领域，见证了环境污染的显著增加。本研究通过重金属污染评估了水质和相关的健康风险评估。从巴基斯坦费萨拉巴德半干旱多产业大都市采集了饮用水（n = 48）和地表水（n = 37）水样。使用标准程序和多元水质评估方法，研究了生理化学和生物参数以及不同金属（Al、As、Ba、Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Pb、Ni 和 Zn）。许多生理化学和生物参数以及金属，特别是砷，超过了旁遮普省环境质量标准和世界卫生组织的允许限值。水质指数的结果表明，<56%的水样水质较差，<8%的水样水质很差，<6%的水样不适宜饮用。古杰拉支流运河的水质被认为是中等的钠（碱度）和盐度危害，而镁吸收率则较差。砷的危害系数（HQ）值处于阈值水平（HQ>1），在成年人和儿童中发现砷和铬（1×10）具有致癌性。干旱的天气加上不同的人为活动和不寻常的水特征引发了金属污染。本研究的结果可以为人口最多和工业最发达地区的水资源有效管理提供基本信息。
