Moore Robert Y
Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Postgrad Med. 2004 Dec;116(6 Suppl Primary):6-9. doi: 10.3810/pgm.12.2004.suppl39.264.
Human behavior is organized into 24-hour cycles that are typically composed of about 16 hours of wakefulness and about 8 hours of sleep. Sleep is an essential behavior and is critical for maintaining normal adaptive waking behavior. Both sleep and wake are initiated and maintained by separate and specific neural systems. The sleep-wake cycle is a function of 2 processes--a homeostatic drive for sleep that increases throughout the waking day and an opposing circadian influence that promotes wakefulness centered in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). A better understanding of the basis for sleep can help treatment and direct research about sleep.
人类行为被组织成24小时的周期，通常由约16小时的清醒和约8小时的睡眠组成。睡眠是一种基本行为，对于维持正常的适应性清醒行为至关重要。睡眠和清醒均由独立且特定的神经系统启动和维持。睡眠-清醒周期是两个过程的函数——一个是睡眠的稳态驱动力，它在整个清醒日中不断增加；另一个是相反的昼夜节律影响，它以上交叉核（SCN）为中心促进清醒。更好地理解睡眠的基础有助于睡眠治疗和指导睡眠研究。
