Setlow Barry, Mendez Ian A, Mitchell Marci R, Simon Nicholas W
Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4235, USA.
Behav Pharmacol. 2009 Sep;20(5-6):380-9. doi: 10.1097/FBP.0b013e3283305eb4.
Drug-addicted individuals show high levels of impulsive choice, characterized by preference for small immediate over larger but delayed rewards. Although the causal relationship between chronic drug use and elevated impulsive choice in humans has been unclear, a small but growing body of literature over the past decade has shown that chronic drug administration in animal models can cause increases in impulsive choice, suggesting that a similar causal relationship may exist in human drug users. This article reviews this literature, with a particular focus on the effects of chronic cocaine administration, which have been most thoroughly characterized. The potential mechanisms of these effects are described in terms of drug-induced neural alterations in ventral striatal and prefrontal cortical brain systems. Some implications of this research for pharmacological treatment of drug-induced increases in impulsive choice are discussed, along with suggestions for future research in this area.
吸毒成瘾者表现出高度的冲动性选择，其特征是偏好小的即时奖励而非大的延迟奖励。尽管长期吸毒与人类冲动性选择增加之间的因果关系尚不清楚，但在过去十年中，一小部分且数量不断增加的文献表明，在动物模型中进行长期药物给药会导致冲动性选择增加，这表明在人类吸毒者中可能存在类似的因果关系。本文回顾了这一文献，特别关注长期给予可卡因的影响，这方面的特征描述最为详尽。这些影响的潜在机制将根据腹侧纹状体和前额叶皮质脑系统中药物诱导的神经改变来描述。本文还讨论了该研究对药物诱导的冲动性选择增加的药物治疗的一些启示，以及对该领域未来研究的建议。
