Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2009 Jul-Aug;85(4):341-5. doi: 10.2223/JPED.1916.
To identify factors associated with nipple trauma in women breastfeeding exclusively in a maternity unit.
This was a case-control study that recruited 146 recently-delivered mothers in rooming-in wards: 73 cases, defined as women with nipple trauma, and 73 controls, defined as women free from this pathology. Women breastfeeding exclusively were tested daily for a diagnosis of nipple injury, identified using a magnifying glass. Sociodemographic, obstetric and neonatal variables were studied. A logistic regression model was used for statistical analysis.
Cases and controls proved to be comparable in terms of their sociodemographic variables, although the women with nipple trauma were more likely not to be living with a partner. The following variables were found to be factors associated with nipple trauma: primiparity (OR 3.16; 95%CI 1.19-8.42), not living with a partner (OR 3.25; 95%CI 1.18-8.93), turgid and/or engorged breasts (OR 12.31; 95%CI 4.48-33.78), semi-protruding and/or malformed nipples (OR 4.69; 95%CI 1.50-14.62), and depigmentation of nipples (OR 13.98; 95%CI 4.43-44.06).
Primiparity, not living with a partner, turgid and/or engorged breasts, semi-protruding and/or malformed nipples, and depigmentated nipples are associated with nipple trauma.
确定与在产科病房中纯母乳喂养的女性乳头创伤相关的因素。
这是一项病例对照研究，共招募了 146 名在母婴同室病房的新近分娩的母亲：73 例为乳头创伤患者，73 例为对照组，无此病理。每天对纯母乳喂养的妇女进行乳头损伤诊断测试，使用放大镜进行诊断。研究了社会人口统计学、产科和新生儿变量。使用逻辑回归模型进行统计分析。
病例组和对照组在社会人口统计学变量方面具有可比性，尽管乳头创伤的女性更有可能不与伴侣同住。发现以下变量与乳头创伤相关：初产妇（OR 3.16；95%CI 1.19-8.42）、不与伴侣同住（OR 3.25；95%CI 1.18-8.93）、乳房肿胀和/或充盈（OR 12.31；95%CI 4.48-33.78）、半突出和/或畸形乳头（OR 4.69；95%CI 1.50-14.62）和乳头脱色素（OR 13.98；95%CI 4.43-44.06）。
初产妇、不与伴侣同住、乳房肿胀和/或充盈、半突出和/或畸形乳头以及乳头脱色素与乳头创伤相关。
