Department of Psychology, McGill University, Stewart Biological Sciences Building, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2010 Jan;38(1):57-68. doi: 10.1007/s10802-009-9344-y.
The goal of the current study was to compare diathesis-stress and transactional models of cognitive vulnerability to depression in samples of Canadian (n = 118) and Chinese (n = 405) adolescents. We utilized a six-month multi-wave, longitudinal design in order to examine whether (a) perceived control moderated the association between the occurrence of dependent interpersonal stressors and subsequent increases in depressive symptoms (i.e., a diathesis-stress perspective) and (b) dependent interpersonal stressors mediated the association between perceived control and subsequent increases in depressive symptoms (i.e., a transactional perspective). Results from idiographic, time-lagged, hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that for Canadian adolescents both diathesis-stress and transactional models were significant predictors of depressive symptomology. When examining the diathesis-stress model, boys, but not girls, who reported lower perceived control, reported higher levels of depressive symptoms following the occurrence of dependent interpersonal stress. Gender differences, however, were not present in the transactional model. In contrast, transactional, but not diathesis-stress, models were significant in Chinese adolescents, and gender differences did not emerge. Overall, these results may reflect culturally-relevant differences in the etiology of depression in Canadian and Chinese adolescents.
本研究的目的是比较加拿大（n = 118）和中国（n = 405）青少年样本中认知脆弱性的素质-应激和交互模型。我们采用了六个月的多波纵向设计，以检验（a）感知控制是否调节了依赖性人际关系应激源的发生与随后抑郁症状增加之间的关系（即素质-应激观点），以及（b）依赖性人际关系应激源是否在感知控制与随后抑郁症状增加之间起中介作用（即交互观点）。个体差异、时滞、层次线性建模分析的结果表明，对于加拿大青少年来说，素质-应激和交互模型都是抑郁症状的显著预测因素。在考察素质-应激模型时，报告感知控制较低的男孩（而非女孩）在发生依赖性人际关系应激后报告了更高水平的抑郁症状。然而，在交互模型中不存在性别差异。相反，交互模型，但不是素质-应激模型，在中国青少年中是显著的，并且没有出现性别差异。总体而言，这些结果可能反映了加拿大和中国青少年抑郁病因的文化相关差异。
