Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2013 Apr;41(3):399-410. doi: 10.1007/s10802-012-9691-y.
The transactional cognitive vulnerability to stress model Hankin & Abramson (Psychological Bulletin, 127:773-796, 2001) extends the traditional diathesis-stress model by proposing that the relationships among cognitions, depressive symptoms, and stressors are dynamic and bidirectional. In this study three different pathways among these variables were assessed simultaneously: (1) cognitive vulnerabilities and stressors as predictors of depressive symptoms (vulnerability model), (2) depressive symptoms and cognitive vulnerabilities as predictors of stressors (stress generation model), and (3) depressive symptoms and stressors as predictors of cognitive vulnerabilities (consequence model). A fully cross-lagged design panel was employed with 1,187 adolescents (545 girls and 642 boys, Mean Age = 13.42 years) who were assessed at two time points separated by 6 months. They completed measures of cognitive vulnerabilities (maladaptive schema domains and negative inferential style), stressors, and depressive symptoms. Inferential style and schemas of the disconnection and rejection domain predicted prospective increases in depressive symptoms. Initial levels of depressive symptoms and most cognitive vulnerabilities predicted greater stress generation. Initial levels of stressors and depressive symptoms predicted an increase in negative inferential style and maladaptive schema domains over time. These bidirectional relationships were mostly similar for boys and girls, although there were a few gender differences. The findings support a transactional model with reciprocal relationships among stress, depressive symptoms, and cognitive vulnerabilities. Transactional implications for depression interventions among adolescents are discussed.
汉金和艾布拉姆森（Hankin & Abramson）的应激易损性认知模型（《心理通报》，127：773-796，2001）通过提出认知、抑郁症状和应激源之间的关系是动态和双向的，扩展了传统的素质-应激模型。本研究同时评估了这些变量之间的三种不同途径：（1）认知弱点和应激源作为抑郁症状的预测因素（易损性模型）；（2）抑郁症状和认知弱点作为应激源的预测因素（应激产生模型）；（3）抑郁症状和应激源作为认知弱点的预测因素（后果模型）。采用完全交叉滞后设计面板，对 1187 名青少年（545 名女孩和 642 名男孩，平均年龄=13.42 岁）进行了两次评估，两次评估时间间隔为 6 个月。他们完成了认知弱点（适应不良的图式领域和消极推断风格）、应激源和抑郁症状的测量。不适应的图式领域的推断风格和图式预测了抑郁症状的前瞻性增加。初始抑郁症状水平和大多数认知弱点预测了更大的应激产生。初始应激源和抑郁症状水平预测了消极推断风格和适应不良的图式领域随时间的增加。这些双向关系在男孩和女孩中基本相似，尽管存在一些性别差异。研究结果支持了一种具有应激、抑郁症状和认知弱点之间相互关系的交互模型。讨论了青少年抑郁干预的交互影响。
