Department of Public Administration and Policy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Med Decis Making. 2010 Jan-Feb;30(1):99-112. doi: 10.1177/0272989X09342276. Epub 2009 Aug 12.
Encouraging healthy behaviors, including disease screening, exercise, and tobacco avoidance, has been a significant focus of clinical attention in recent decades. Little is known about the association between individual preferences with respect to time play and preventive health care use and healthy lifestyles.
To determine whether rates of these health behaviors are associated with latent time preferences.
Interval regression analysis was used to impute individual level discount rates. The difference in means for the rates of health behaviors were assessed for high vs. low to moderate discounting groups using one-factor probit models.
The 2004 wave of the Health and Retirement Survey included in a time preferences module (1,039 respondents aged 24 to 65 years).
Rates of recent mammograms, breast exams, Pap smears, prostate exams, cholesterol testing, flu shots, and dental visits, and non-smoking status.
Respondents in the upper 20th percentile of the distribution have an average imputed annual discount rate of 0.335 (33.5%). High discount rate status is found to have a negative marginal association on the probability that respondents had recent mammogram use (-15.1%; P = 0.001), Pap smear use (-8.3%; P = 0.049), prostate examination use (-20.4%; P =0.003), dental visits (-24.8%; P = 0.001), cholesterol testing (-12.4%; P = 0.001), flu shot usage (-11.1%; P = 0.005), rates of vigorous exercise (-15.1%; P = 0.001), nonsmoking status (-10.4%; P= 0.001), and undertook all measured health habits (-7%; P = 0.001).
Differences in underlying preferences for the present over the future may be a substantial barrier for people's propensity to adopt healthy lifestyles.
鼓励健康行为，包括疾病筛查、锻炼和避免吸烟，是近几十年来临床关注的一个重要焦点。人们对个人对时间的偏好与预防保健使用和健康生活方式之间的关系知之甚少。
确定这些健康行为的发生率是否与潜在的时间偏好相关。
使用区间回归分析来推断个体水平的折扣率。使用单因素概率模型评估高与低至中度贴现组之间健康行为发生率的差异。
健康与退休调查的 2004 年波次包括时间偏好模块（1039 名年龄在 24 至 65 岁之间的受访者）。
最近乳房 X 光检查、乳房检查、巴氏涂片检查、前列腺检查、胆固醇检测、流感疫苗接种和牙科就诊的比率，以及不吸烟状况。
分布的上 20%的受访者的平均推断年贴现率为 0.335（33.5%）。高贴现率状态与受访者最近进行乳房 X 光检查使用的概率呈负边际关联（-15.1%；P=0.001）、巴氏涂片检查（-8.3%；P=0.049）、前列腺检查（-20.4%；P=0.003）、牙科就诊（-24.8%；P=0.001）、胆固醇检测（-12.4%；P=0.001）、流感疫苗接种（-11.1%；P=0.005）、剧烈运动的比率（-15.1%；P=0.001）、不吸烟状况（-10.4%；P=0.001），以及所有测量的健康习惯（-7%；P=0.001）。
对现在与未来的偏好差异可能是人们采用健康生活方式的一个重要障碍。
