金钱激励对为期一年的体育活动干预中延迟折扣的影响。
The Impact of Monetary Incentives on Delay Discounting Within a Year-Long Physical Activity Intervention.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
出版信息
Ann Behav Med. 2024 Apr 11;58(5):341-352. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaae009.
BACKGROUND
Delay discounting is the depreciation in a reward's perceived value as a function of the time until receipt. Monetary incentive programs that provide rewards contingent on meeting daily physical activity (PA) goals may change participants' delay discounting preferences.
PURPOSE
Determine if monetary incentives provided in close temporal proximity to meeting PA goals changed delay discounting, and if such changes mediated intervention effects.
METHODS
Inactive adults (n = 512) wore accelerometers during a 12-month intervention where they received proximal monetary incentives for meeting daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) goals or delayed incentives for study participation. Delay discount rate and average MVPA were assessed at baseline, end of intervention, and a 24-month follow-up. Using structural equation modeling, we tested effects of proximal versus delayed rewards on delay discounting and whether any changes mediated intervention effects on MVPA. PA self-efficacy was also evaluated as a potential mediator, and both self-efficacy and delay discounting were assessed as potential moderators of intervention effects.
RESULTS
Proximal rewards significantly increased participants' delay discounting (β = 0.238, confidence interval [CI]: -0.078, 0.380), indicating greater sensitivity to reinforcement timing. This change did not mediate incentive-associated increases in MVPA at the end of the 12-month intervention (β = -0.016, CI: -0.053, 0.019) or at a 24-month follow-up (β = -0.020, CI: -0.059, 0.018). Moderation effects were not found.
CONCLUSIONS
Incentive-induced increases in delay discounting did not deleteriously impact MVPA. This finding may help assuage concerns about using monetary incentives for PA promotion, but further research regarding the consequences of changes in delay discounting is warranted.
背景
延迟折扣是指奖励的感知价值随时间推移而减少的现象，这一现象与收到奖励之间的时间间隔有关。提供与满足日常身体活动 (PA) 目标相关的奖励的金钱激励计划可能会改变参与者的延迟折扣偏好。
目的
确定在接近满足 PA 目标的时间内提供金钱激励是否会改变延迟折扣，以及这些变化是否会影响干预效果。
方法
在一项为期 12 个月的干预研究中，不活跃的成年人（n=512）佩戴加速度计，他们可以通过每天达到中等至剧烈 PA（MVPA）目标获得近时金钱奖励，或者通过研究参与获得延迟奖励。在基线、干预结束和 24 个月随访时评估延迟折扣率和平均 MVPA。使用结构方程模型，我们检验了近时奖励与延迟奖励对延迟折扣的影响，以及任何变化是否在 MVPA 干预效果中起中介作用。PA 自我效能也被评估为潜在的中介因素，而自我效能和延迟折扣都被评估为干预效果的潜在调节因素。
结果
近时奖励显著增加了参与者的延迟折扣（β=0.238，置信区间 [CI]：-0.078，0.380），表明他们对强化时间更加敏感。这种变化并没有在 12 个月干预结束时（β=-0.016，CI：-0.053，0.019）或在 24 个月随访时（β=-0.020，CI：-0.059，0.018）中介激励相关的 MVPA 增加。也没有发现调节作用。
结论
激励引起的延迟折扣增加并没有对 MVPA 产生不良影响。这一发现可能有助于缓解对使用金钱激励促进 PA 的担忧，但进一步研究延迟折扣变化的后果是必要的。
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