Brooks John T, Kaplan Jonathan E, Masur Henry
National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Top HIV Med. 2009 Jul-Aug;17(3):109-14.
Despite dramatic declines in the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) in the United States, they remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality for HIV-infected persons. Previously separate guidelines on the prevention of OIs and on the treatment of OIs have been combined recently into an updated single document; the present article reviews salient changes to and new information contained in this guidance. Chapters on hepatitis B virus infection and tuberculosis have been expanded substantially, and each chapter now includes information on immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. In addition, there is detailed discussion on the role of antiretroviral therapy in OI prevention and issues concerning the initiation of antiretroviral therapy during treatment of an acute OI. In the future, these guidelines will likely be maintained as an internet-based document to facilitate wider dissemination and more rapid updates.
尽管美国机会性感染（OI）的发病率显著下降，但它们仍然是艾滋病毒感染者发病和死亡的重要原因。以前关于OI预防和OI治疗的单独指南最近已合并为一份更新的单一文件；本文回顾了该指南中的显著变化和新信息。关于乙型肝炎病毒感染和结核病的章节已大幅扩充，现在每个章节都包含了免疫重建炎症综合征的信息。此外，还详细讨论了抗逆转录病毒疗法在OI预防中的作用以及在急性OI治疗期间启动抗逆转录病毒疗法的相关问题。未来，这些指南可能会以基于互联网的文件形式保存，以促进更广泛的传播和更快速的更新。
