Narayanan Sujata, Ebbert Jon O, Sood Amit
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Gend Med. 2009 Jul;6(2):362-8. doi: 10.1016/j.genm.2009.06.002.
Clinical trials have assessed the effectiveness of nicotine-dependence treatments (NDTs), alone or in combination, and reported that men and women have variable responses to these treatments. The variations in therapeutic responses highlight the need to explore gender-specific preferences for NDTs, including complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which has become increasingly popular in the US population for the cessation of tobacco use.
The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in the self-reported use, perceived efficacy, and interest in future use of NDTs, including CAM, in an outpatient setting.
This cross-sectional survey was conducted in men and women at a tertiary care NDT clinic. The primary inclusion criterion was the willingness and ability of the patients to participate in the survey.
Data from 1171 patients were included (599 men, 572 women; mean age: men, 46.2 years; women, 46.5 years). Of these, 68% of women and 65% of men reported use of nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT), other prescription medication, or counseling/group support. In men and women, NRT was the most commonly used type of pharmacologic treatment, of which the patch was the most popular (77% and 75%). A significantly greater proportion of women than men perceived the nicotine inhaler to be efficacious (67% vs 50%; P = 0.027). No other significant gender differences were found among NRTs. Among non-NRT methods, bupropion sustained release (SR) and counseling/group support were used by significantly more women than men (53% vs 43% [P = 0.007] and 16% vs 11% [P = 0.026], respectively). Compared with men, significantly greater proportions of women reported current or previous use of CAM for nicotine abstinence and expressed an interest in future use of CAM (34% vs 22% [P < 0.001] and 71% vs 64% [P = 0.006]).
In this sample of patients at an NDT clinic, significantly more women than men reported previous use of bupropion SR, counseling, and CAM. More women than men expressed an interest in the future use of CAM. Based on these findings, an improved understanding of gender-based differences in the use of conventional and nonconventional NDTs might improve the rates of success of nicotine-cessation efforts among women.
临床试验评估了尼古丁依赖治疗（NDTs）单独或联合使用的有效性，并报告称男性和女性对这些治疗的反应存在差异。治疗反应的差异凸显了探索针对NDTs的性别特异性偏好的必要性，包括补充和替代医学（CAM），其在美国人群中用于戒烟越来越受欢迎。
本研究的目的是评估在门诊环境中，自我报告的NDTs（包括CAM）使用情况、感知疗效以及未来使用兴趣方面的性别差异。
这项横断面调查在一家三级护理NDT诊所的男性和女性中进行。主要纳入标准是患者参与调查的意愿和能力。
纳入了1171名患者的数据（599名男性，572名女性；平均年龄：男性46.2岁，女性46.5岁）。其中，68%的女性和65%的男性报告使用过尼古丁替代疗法（NRT）、其他处方药或咨询/团体支持。在男性和女性中，NRT是最常用的药物治疗类型，其中贴片最受欢迎（分别为77%和75%）。认为尼古丁吸入器有效的女性比例显著高于男性（67%对50%；P = 0.027）。在NRTs之间未发现其他显著的性别差异。在非NRT方法中，使用缓释安非他酮（SR）和咨询/团体支持的女性显著多于男性（分别为53%对43% [P = 0.007]和16%对11% [P = 0.026]）。与男性相比，报告目前或以前使用CAM戒烟且表示有兴趣未来使用CAM的女性比例显著更高（34%对22% [P < 0.001]和71%对64% [P = 0.006]）。
在这个NDT诊所的患者样本中，报告以前使用过缓释安非他酮、咨询和CAM的女性显著多于男性。表示有兴趣未来使用CAM的女性多于男性。基于这些发现，更好地理解传统和非传统NDTs使用中的性别差异可能会提高女性戒烟努力的成功率。
