Department of Biomaterials Science, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX, 75246, United States.
Dent Mater. 2009 Dec;25(12):1551-5. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.07.008. Epub 2009 Aug 13.
This study investigated the cytotoxicity of elemental ions contained in four fixed prosthodontic materials (gold, nickel-chromium, stainless-steel alloys and CAD-CAM ceramics).
According to the determination of elements released from prosthodontic materials by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, similar amounts of elements Pd, Ag, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Be, Fe, Al, and K were prepared as salt solutions. Wells with a tenfold higher concentration of the tested elements were used as positive controls, while a well without any tested element was used as a negative control. These salt solutions were tested for cytotoxicity by culturing mouse L-929 fibroblasts in the salt solutions for a 7-day period of incubation. Then, the percentage of viable cells for each element was measured using trypan blue exclusion assay. The data (n=5) were statistically analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (p<0.05).
The results showed a statistically significant difference for the cytotoxic effect of the tested elements salt solutions. For the released element concentrations the lowest percentage of viable cells (mean+/-SD) was evident with Zn, Cu or Ni indicating that they are the highly toxic elements. Be and Ag were found to be intermediate in cytotoxic effect. Fe, Cr, Mo, Al, Pd or K were found to be the least cytotoxic elements.
Zn and Cu released from gold alloys, and Ni released from nickel-chromium alloys, which are commonly used as fixed prosthodontic restorations, show evidence of a high cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cell cultures.
本研究调查了四种固定修复材料（金、镍铬、不锈钢合金和 CAD-CAM 陶瓷）中所含元素离子的细胞毒性。
根据电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定修复材料中释放的元素，将 Pd、Ag、Zn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mo、Be、Fe、Al 和 K 等元素制备成盐溶液，浓度与从修复材料中释放的元素相同。浓度高十倍的测试元素的孔作为阳性对照，而没有任何测试元素的孔作为阴性对照。将这些盐溶液在含有盐溶液的条件下培养小鼠 L-929 成纤维细胞 7 天，用于细胞毒性测试。然后，使用台盼蓝排除试验测量每种元素的活细胞百分比。使用方差分析/Tukey 检验（p<0.05）对数据（n=5）进行统计分析。
结果表明，测试元素盐溶液的细胞毒性效应存在统计学差异。对于释放元素的浓度，Zn、Cu 或 Ni 的活细胞百分比最低，表明它们是高毒性元素。Be 和 Ag 的细胞毒性作用中等。Fe、Cr、Mo、Al、Pd 或 K 的细胞毒性作用最小。
金合金中释放的 Zn 和 Cu 以及镍铬合金中释放的 Ni，作为常见的固定修复体，对成纤维细胞培养物显示出高细胞毒性作用的证据。
