Morra Sergio, Calvini Guglielmo, Bracco Fabrizio
Università di Genova, DiSA-Sezione Psicologia, corso A. Podestà 2, Genoa, Italy.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2009 Nov;132(3):250-8. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.07.008. Epub 2009 Aug 14.
We compare three models of representation of item order in a verbal STM task: item-item associations, item-position associations, and primacy gradient. A speeded probed recall task is used, in which a list of words is presented, immediately followed by a probe; participants must report as fast as possible the word that was in the probed position. In the number probe condition, a digit is presented and one must say the word in that position. In the word probe condition, the probe is an item of the list and participants must say the immediately following item. Response times (RTs) are analyzed according to probe type and position. The three models imply different predictions about RTs as a function of serial order in the two conditions. Our results suggest a serial, self-terminating search from the beginning of the list to the target position, except for the final position, which is directly accessible. The item-item and item-position association models are ruled out; the primacy gradient model accounts satisfactorily for our results, except for the finding of a larger recency effect with a number probe. Alternative interpretations are also discussed.
项目-项目关联、项目-位置关联和首因梯度。我们采用了一项快速探测回忆任务，即呈现一系列单词，随后立即给出一个探测；参与者必须尽快说出处于探测位置的单词。在数字探测条件下，呈现一个数字，参与者必须说出该位置的单词。在单词探测条件下，探测是列表中的一个项目，参与者必须说出紧随其后的项目。根据探测类型和位置分析反应时间（RTs）。这三种模型对两种条件下作为序列顺序函数的RTs有不同的预测。我们的结果表明，除了最后一个位置可直接访问外，从列表开头到目标位置存在一个序列的、自我终止的搜索。项目-项目和项目-位置关联模型被排除；首因梯度模型令人满意地解释了我们的结果，但数字探测时近因效应更大这一发现除外。我们还讨论了其他解释。
