Rusnak Janice M, Smith Leonard A
Clinical Research Management, Inc., USA.
Hum Vaccin. 2009 Dec;5(12):794-805. doi: 10.4161/hv.9420. Epub 2009 Dec 1.
Botulinum toxin may cause a neuroparalytic illness that may result in respiratory failure and require prolonged mechanical ventilation. As medical resources needed for supportive care of botulism in a bioterrorist event may quickly overwhelm the local healthcare systems, biodefense research efforts have been directed towards the development of a vaccine to prevent botulism. While human botulism has been caused only by toxin serotypes A, B, and E (rarely serotype F), all seven known immunologically distinct toxin serotypes (A - G) may potentially cause intoxication in humans from a bioterrorist event. A pentavalent (ABCDE) botulinum toxoid (PBT) has been administered as an investigation new drug (IND) to at-risk individuals for nearly 50 years. Due to declining immunogenicity of the PBT, research efforts have been directed at development of both improved (less local reactogenicity) botulinum toxoids and recombinant vaccines as potential vaccine candidates to replace the PBT.
肉毒杆菌毒素可能引发一种神经麻痹性疾病，这种疾病可能导致呼吸衰竭，并需要长时间的机械通气。由于生物恐怖事件中肉毒中毒支持治疗所需的医疗资源可能很快使当地医疗系统不堪重负，生物防御研究工作一直致力于开发预防肉毒中毒的疫苗。虽然人类肉毒中毒仅由毒素血清型A、B和E（罕见血清型F）引起，但所有七种已知的免疫上不同的毒素血清型（A - G）都有可能在生物恐怖事件中导致人类中毒。一种五价（ABCDE）肉毒类毒素（PBT）作为研究性新药（IND）已用于高危个体近50年。由于PBT的免疫原性下降，研究工作一直致力于开发改进型（局部反应原性较小）的肉毒类毒素和重组疫苗，作为替代PBT的潜在候选疫苗。
